ossp-pkg/sio/BRAINSTORM/smli_tr-99-76.ps
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h
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f
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94.159 116.681 l
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88.465 110.065 l
94.621 116.219 l
96.257 114.584 l
90.144 108.471 l
f
94.904 112.271 m
95.934 113.301 97.605 113.301 98.636 112.271 c
99.667 111.24 99.667 109.568 98.636 108.537 c
92.524 102.426 l
90.888 104.06 l
97.044 110.215 l
96.582 110.677 l
90.427 104.522 l
88.79 106.158 l
94.904 112.271 l
f
102.829 99.589 m
103.86 98.559 103.86 96.888 102.829 95.857 c
101.798 94.827 100.126 94.827 99.095 95.857 c
92.983 101.969 l
94.618 103.604 l
100.773 97.449 l
101.235 97.911 l
95.08 104.066 l
96.716 105.702 l
102.829 99.589 l
f
99.029 104.349 m
97.998 105.379 97.998 107.05 99.029 108.081 c
100.06 109.111 101.732 109.111 102.763 108.081 c
108.875 101.969 l
107.24 100.334 l
101.085 106.489 l
100.623 106.027 l
106.778 99.872 l
105.142 98.236 l
99.029 104.349 l
f
106.957 108.474 m
105.926 107.443 104.255 107.443 103.225 108.474 c
102.194 109.505 102.194 111.177 103.225 112.207 c
109.337 118.319 l
110.972 116.684 l
104.816 110.529 l
105.278 110.067 l
111.434 116.222 l
113.07 114.586 l
106.957 108.474 l
f
111.717 112.273 m
112.747 113.304 114.418 113.304 115.449 112.273 c
116.48 111.242 116.48 109.57 115.449 108.54 c
109.337 102.428 l
107.702 104.063 l
113.857 110.218 l
113.395 110.68 l
107.24 104.525 l
105.603 106.161 l
111.717 112.273 l
f
102.829 116.398 m
103.86 115.368 103.86 113.697 102.829 112.666 c
101.798 111.636 100.126 111.635 99.095 112.666 c
92.983 118.778 l
94.618 120.413 l
100.773 114.258 l
101.235 114.72 l
95.08 120.875 l
96.716 122.511 l
102.829 116.398 l
f
99.029 121.158 m
97.998 122.188 97.998 123.859 99.029 124.889 c
100.06 125.92 101.732 125.92 102.763 124.89 c
108.875 118.778 l
107.24 117.143 l
101.085 123.298 l
100.623 122.836 l
106.778 116.681 l
105.142 115.045 l
99.029 121.158 l
f
124.334 91.075 m
124.334 93.452 l
124.334 93.966 124.211 94.294 123.712 94.294 c
123.168 94.294 122.646 93.735 122.646 92.841 c
122.646 91.075 l
121.963 91.075 l
121.963 93.46 l
121.963 93.921 121.863 94.294 121.341 94.294 c
120.757 94.294 120.274 93.69 120.274 92.841 c
120.274 91.075 l
119.583 91.075 l
119.583 94.778 l
120.251 94.778 l
120.251 94.562 120.236 94.227 120.189 94.003 c
120.205 93.996 l
120.427 94.518 120.919 94.853 121.533 94.853 c
122.339 94.853 122.553 94.309 122.584 94.011 c
122.745 94.361 123.152 94.853 123.889 94.853 c
124.611 94.853 125.025 94.473 125.025 93.638 c
125.025 91.075 l
124.334 91.075 l
f
130.241 91.023 m
129.328 91.023 128.568 91.44 128.568 92.804 c
128.568 93.996 129.197 94.838 130.472 94.838 c
130.771 94.838 131.07 94.793 131.339 94.719 c
131.262 94.13 l
131.024 94.219 130.74 94.286 130.441 94.286 c
129.673 94.286 129.297 93.735 129.297 92.893 c
129.297 92.171 129.543 91.597 130.387 91.597 c
130.709 91.597 131.047 91.671 131.293 91.798 c
131.347 91.217 l
131.093 91.12 130.686 91.023 130.241 91.023 c
f
134.271 94.19 m
133.465 94.324 133.081 93.75 133.081 92.565 c
133.081 91.075 l
132.39 91.075 l
132.39 94.778 l
133.058 94.778 l
133.058 94.547 133.035 94.205 132.974 93.899 c
132.989 93.899 l
133.15 94.413 133.542 94.927 134.302 94.845 c
134.271 94.19 l
f
136.617 91.008 m
135.581 91.008 134.906 91.589 134.906 92.893 c
134.906 93.981 135.612 94.845 136.763 94.845 c
137.738 94.845 138.483 94.324 138.483 92.99 c
138.483 91.873 137.746 91.008 136.617 91.008 c
h
136.702 94.286 m
136.149 94.286 135.627 93.877 135.627 92.96 c
135.627 92.066 136.003 91.575 136.702 91.575 c
137.27 91.575 137.761 92.007 137.761 92.953 c
137.761 93.795 137.408 94.286 136.702 94.286 c
f
140.27 91.008 m
139.986 91.008 139.702 91.031 139.464 91.075 c
139.487 91.671 l
139.725 91.597 140.032 91.545 140.324 91.545 c
140.83 91.545 141.176 91.768 141.176 92.111 c
141.176 92.938 139.403 92.431 139.403 93.735 c
139.403 94.361 139.932 94.845 140.93 94.845 c
141.16 94.845 141.429 94.815 141.659 94.771 c
141.644 94.212 l
141.406 94.286 141.13 94.331 140.877 94.331 c
140.37 94.331 140.117 94.123 140.117 93.802 c
140.117 92.99 141.897 93.43 141.897 92.186 c
141.897 91.515 141.283 91.008 140.27 91.008 c
f
144.388 90.703 m
143.943 89.556 143.583 89.183 142.738 89.183 c
142.592 89.183 142.393 89.205 142.239 89.228 c
142.301 89.831 l
142.462 89.779 142.615 89.757 142.792 89.757 c
143.214 89.757 143.437 89.943 143.705 90.658 c
143.866 91.075 l
142.424 94.778 l
143.206 94.778 l
143.928 92.856 l
144.051 92.521 144.135 92.23 144.22 91.94 c
144.235 91.94 l
144.304 92.2 144.465 92.67 144.611 93.08 c
145.225 94.778 l
145.977 94.778 l
144.388 90.703 l
f
147.397 91.008 m
147.113 91.008 146.829 91.031 146.591 91.075 c
146.614 91.671 l
146.852 91.597 147.159 91.545 147.45 91.545 c
147.957 91.545 148.302 91.768 148.302 92.111 c
148.302 92.938 146.529 92.431 146.529 93.735 c
146.529 94.361 147.059 94.845 148.057 94.845 c
148.287 94.845 148.556 94.815 148.786 94.771 c
148.77 94.212 l
148.533 94.286 148.256 94.331 148.003 94.331 c
147.496 94.331 147.243 94.123 147.243 93.802 c
147.243 92.99 149.024 93.43 149.024 92.186 c
149.024 91.515 148.41 91.008 147.397 91.008 c
f
151.329 91.016 m
150.546 91.016 150.308 91.329 150.308 92.126 c
150.308 94.257 l
149.525 94.257 l
149.525 94.778 l
150.308 94.778 l
150.308 95.978 l
150.999 96.164 l
150.999 94.778 l
152.066 94.778 l
152.066 94.257 l
150.999 94.257 l
150.999 92.364 l
150.999 91.753 151.114 91.589 151.544 91.589 c
151.72 91.589 151.912 91.619 152.066 91.657 c
152.066 91.09 l
151.851 91.046 151.574 91.016 151.329 91.016 c
f
156.044 92.968 m
153.549 92.968 l
153.519 91.977 153.941 91.552 154.754 91.552 c
155.146 91.552 155.56 91.642 155.867 91.783 c
155.929 91.239 l
155.56 91.09 155.115 91.008 154.639 91.008 c
153.465 91.008 152.836 91.604 152.836 92.908 c
152.836 94.018 153.457 94.845 154.54 94.845 c
155.614 94.845 156.067 94.137 156.067 93.288 c
156.067 93.199 156.059 93.094 156.044 92.968 c
h
154.509 94.354 m
154.01 94.354 153.657 93.989 153.58 93.445 c
155.361 93.445 l
155.376 93.989 155.046 94.354 154.509 94.354 c
f
161.845 91.075 m
161.845 93.452 l
161.845 93.966 161.722 94.294 161.223 94.294 c
160.678 94.294 160.156 93.735 160.156 92.841 c
160.156 91.075 l
159.473 91.075 l
159.473 93.46 l
159.473 93.921 159.373 94.294 158.851 94.294 c
158.268 94.294 157.784 93.69 157.784 92.841 c
157.784 91.075 l
157.093 91.075 l
157.093 94.778 l
157.761 94.778 l
157.761 94.562 157.746 94.227 157.7 94.003 c
157.715 93.996 l
157.938 94.518 158.429 94.853 159.043 94.853 c
159.849 94.853 160.064 94.309 160.095 94.011 c
160.256 94.361 160.663 94.853 161.399 94.853 c
162.121 94.853 162.535 94.473 162.535 93.638 c
162.535 91.075 l
161.845 91.075 l
f
164.433 91.008 m
164.149 91.008 163.865 91.031 163.627 91.075 c
163.65 91.671 l
163.888 91.597 164.195 91.545 164.487 91.545 c
164.994 91.545 165.339 91.768 165.339 92.111 c
165.339 92.938 163.566 92.431 163.566 93.735 c
163.566 94.361 164.096 94.845 165.093 94.845 c
165.324 94.845 165.592 94.815 165.823 94.771 c
165.807 94.212 l
165.569 94.286 165.293 94.331 165.04 94.331 c
164.533 94.331 164.28 94.123 164.28 93.802 c
164.28 92.99 166.061 93.43 166.061 92.186 c
166.061 91.515 165.447 91.008 164.433 91.008 c
f
126.966 95.389 m
127.219 95.389 127.426 95.59 127.426 95.829 c
127.426 96.075 127.219 96.261 126.966 96.261 c
126.713 96.261 126.505 96.067 126.505 95.829 c
126.505 95.583 126.713 95.389 126.966 95.389 c
f
126.062 94.787 m
126.062 94.265 l
126.62 94.265 l
126.62 91.075 l
127.311 91.075 l
127.311 94.778 l
126.062 94.787 l
f
168.659 79.658 m
168.659 79.388 l
168.309 79.388 l
168.309 78.062 l
167.99 78.062 l
167.99 79.388 l
167.64 79.388 l
167.64 79.658 l
168.659 79.658 l
f
170.491 78.062 m
170.153 78.062 l
170.146 78.478 170.134 78.892 170.099 79.32 c
170.094 79.32 l
169.734 78.062 l
169.496 78.062 l
169.148 79.32 l
169.143 79.32 l
169.108 78.892 169.096 78.478 169.089 78.062 c
168.786 78.062 l
168.8 78.594 168.838 79.128 168.89 79.658 c
169.361 79.658 l
169.647 78.627 l
169.652 78.627 l
169.947 79.658 l
170.387 79.658 l
170.439 79.128 170.477 78.594 170.491 78.062 c
f
89.088 79.647 m
89.088 78.949 l
88.181 78.949 l
88.181 75.513 l
87.354 75.513 l
87.354 78.949 l
86.448 78.949 l
86.448 79.647 l
89.088 79.647 l
f
90.342 79.647 m
90.342 78.018 l
91.745 78.018 l
91.745 79.647 l
92.571 79.647 l
92.571 75.513 l
91.745 75.513 l
91.745 77.369 l
90.342 77.369 l
90.342 75.513 l
89.515 75.513 l
89.515 79.647 l
90.342 79.647 l
f
95.322 79.647 m
95.322 78.961 l
94.018 78.961 l
94.018 77.944 l
95.102 77.944 l
95.102 77.295 l
94.018 77.295 l
94.018 76.211 l
95.347 76.211 l
95.347 75.513 l
93.191 75.513 l
93.191 79.647 l
95.322 79.647 l
f
98.582 79.647 m
99.905 76.977 l
99.905 79.647 l
100.615 79.647 l
100.615 75.513 l
99.709 75.513 l
98.208 78.581 l
98.208 75.513 l
97.498 75.513 l
97.498 79.647 l
98.582 79.647 l
f
103.366 79.647 m
103.366 78.961 l
102.062 78.961 l
102.062 77.944 l
103.146 77.944 l
103.146 77.295 l
102.062 77.295 l
102.062 76.211 l
103.391 76.211 l
103.391 75.513 l
101.235 75.513 l
101.235 79.647 l
103.366 79.647 l
f
106.394 79.647 m
106.394 78.949 l
105.488 78.949 l
105.488 75.513 l
104.661 75.513 l
104.661 78.949 l
103.755 78.949 l
103.755 79.647 l
106.394 79.647 l
f
108.215 76.683 m
108.888 79.647 l
109.623 79.647 l
110.297 76.683 l
110.309 76.683 l
110.536 77.681 110.738 78.704 110.866 79.647 c
111.613 79.647 l
111.399 78.257 111.081 76.842 110.658 75.513 c
109.825 75.513 l
109.201 78.201 l
109.188 78.201 l
108.551 75.513 l
107.682 75.513 l
107.278 76.885 106.971 78.269 106.775 79.647 c
107.657 79.647 l
107.768 78.808 107.976 77.785 108.202 76.683 c
108.215 76.683 l
f
115.201 77.687 m
115.201 75.973 114.325 75.452 113.486 75.452 c
112.457 75.452 111.821 76.095 111.821 77.522 c
111.821 78.973 112.549 79.702 113.548 79.702 c
114.552 79.702 115.201 79.028 115.201 77.687 c
h
112.696 77.687 m
112.696 76.518 113.039 76.132 113.535 76.132 c
113.97 76.132 114.325 76.493 114.325 77.516 c
114.325 78.624 113.964 79.022 113.474 79.022 c
113.052 79.022 112.696 78.655 112.696 77.687 c
f
117.056 79.665 m
118.06 79.665 118.52 79.193 118.52 78.489 c
118.52 77.975 118.213 77.54 117.638 77.326 c
118.673 75.513 l
117.687 75.513 l
116.842 77.191 l
116.658 77.191 l
116.658 75.513 l
115.831 75.513 l
115.831 79.647 l
116.266 79.659 116.67 79.665 117.056 79.665 c
h
116.658 77.846 m
116.793 77.834 116.909 77.834 117.019 77.834 c
117.399 77.834 117.662 78.091 117.662 78.41 c
117.662 78.777 117.485 79.01 116.97 79.01 c
116.872 79.01 116.762 79.004 116.658 78.998 c
116.658 77.846 l
f
120.025 79.647 m
120.025 77.914 l
121.103 79.647 l
122.046 79.647 l
120.699 77.803 l
122.12 75.513 l
121.091 75.513 l
120.025 77.399 l
120.025 75.513 l
119.199 75.513 l
119.199 79.647 l
120.025 79.647 l
f
123.818 79.647 0.827 -4.133 re
f
127.487 78.857 m
127.278 78.961 126.984 79.059 126.721 79.059 c
126.36 79.059 126.151 78.838 126.151 78.575 c
126.151 77.785 127.891 77.999 127.891 76.695 c
127.891 76.021 127.401 75.44 126.409 75.44 c
125.98 75.44 125.582 75.574 125.196 75.844 c
125.435 76.322 l
125.655 76.217 125.962 76.101 126.305 76.101 c
126.782 76.101 126.972 76.315 126.972 76.585 c
126.972 77.369 125.294 77.099 125.294 78.477 c
125.294 79.175 125.796 79.696 126.611 79.696 c
127.052 79.696 127.419 79.555 127.713 79.31 c
127.487 78.857 l
f
142.943 76.23 m
142.637 75.752 142.214 75.458 141.688 75.458 c
140.769 75.458 140.144 76.107 140.144 77.491 c
140.144 78.838 140.818 79.69 141.749 79.69 c
142.269 79.69 142.667 79.383 142.882 78.924 c
142.514 78.593 l
142.288 78.844 142.104 78.967 141.804 78.967 c
141.381 78.967 141.026 78.434 141.026 77.589 c
141.026 76.542 141.4 76.187 141.877 76.187 c
142.104 76.187 142.343 76.328 142.569 76.56 c
142.943 76.23 l
f
146.646 77.687 m
146.646 75.973 145.77 75.452 144.931 75.452 c
143.902 75.452 143.265 76.095 143.265 77.522 c
143.265 78.973 143.994 79.702 144.992 79.702 c
145.997 79.702 146.646 79.028 146.646 77.687 c
h
144.141 77.687 m
144.141 76.518 144.484 76.132 144.98 76.132 c
145.415 76.132 145.77 76.493 145.77 77.516 c
145.77 78.624 145.409 79.022 144.919 79.022 c
144.496 79.022 144.141 78.655 144.141 77.687 c
f
151.521 75.513 m
150.646 75.513 l
150.627 76.591 150.597 77.663 150.505 78.771 c
150.493 78.771 l
149.562 75.513 l
148.943 75.513 l
148.043 78.771 l
148.031 78.771 l
147.939 77.663 147.908 76.591 147.89 75.513 c
147.106 75.513 l
147.143 76.891 147.241 78.275 147.375 79.647 c
148.594 79.647 l
149.335 76.977 l
149.347 76.977 l
150.113 79.647 l
151.252 79.647 l
151.387 78.275 151.485 76.891 151.521 75.513 c
f
153.268 79.659 m
154.376 79.659 154.891 79.132 154.891 78.385 c
154.891 77.577 154.321 76.971 153.115 76.971 c
152.998 76.971 l
152.998 75.513 l
152.172 75.513 l
152.172 79.647 l
152.57 79.647 152.919 79.659 153.268 79.659 c
h
152.998 77.601 m
153.188 77.601 l
153.721 77.601 154.009 77.828 154.009 78.293 c
154.009 78.746 153.77 79.004 153.157 79.004 c
152.998 79.004 l
152.998 77.601 l
f
156.207 79.647 m
156.207 77.044 l
156.207 76.346 156.537 76.113 156.929 76.113 c
157.352 76.113 157.64 76.364 157.64 77.007 c
157.64 79.647 l
158.442 79.647 l
158.442 77.063 l
158.442 75.856 157.732 75.452 156.838 75.452 c
155.894 75.452 155.38 75.887 155.38 76.983 c
155.38 79.647 l
156.207 79.647 l
f
161.492 79.647 m
161.492 78.949 l
160.585 78.949 l
160.585 75.513 l
159.758 75.513 l
159.758 78.949 l
158.852 78.949 l
158.852 79.647 l
161.492 79.647 l
f
164.051 79.647 m
164.051 78.961 l
162.746 78.961 l
162.746 77.944 l
163.83 77.944 l
163.83 77.295 l
162.746 77.295 l
162.746 76.211 l
164.075 76.211 l
164.075 75.513 l
161.919 75.513 l
161.919 79.647 l
164.051 79.647 l
f
165.856 79.665 m
166.86 79.665 167.32 79.193 167.32 78.489 c
167.32 77.975 167.013 77.54 166.438 77.326 c
167.473 75.513 l
166.487 75.513 l
165.642 77.191 l
165.458 77.191 l
165.458 75.513 l
164.631 75.513 l
164.631 79.647 l
165.066 79.659 165.47 79.665 165.856 79.665 c
h
165.458 77.846 m
165.593 77.834 165.709 77.834 165.819 77.834 c
166.199 77.834 166.462 78.091 166.462 78.41 c
166.462 78.777 166.285 79.01 165.77 79.01 c
165.672 79.01 165.562 79.004 165.458 78.998 c
165.458 77.846 l
f
131.944 79.647 m
131.944 78.949 l
131.037 78.949 l
131.037 75.513 l
130.211 75.513 l
130.211 78.949 l
129.304 78.949 l
129.304 79.647 l
131.944 79.647 l
f
133.198 79.647 m
133.198 78.018 l
134.601 78.018 l
134.601 79.647 l
135.428 79.647 l
135.428 75.513 l
134.601 75.513 l
134.601 77.369 l
133.198 77.369 l
133.198 75.513 l
132.372 75.513 l
132.372 79.647 l
133.198 79.647 l
f
138.178 79.647 m
138.178 78.961 l
136.874 78.961 l
136.874 77.944 l
137.958 77.944 l
137.958 77.295 l
136.874 77.295 l
136.874 76.211 l
138.203 76.211 l
138.203 75.513 l
136.047 75.513 l
136.047 79.647 l
138.178 79.647 l
f
1 g
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85.5 83.15 85.71 -19.48 re
f*
118.5 81.5 104.5 -34.25 re
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BT
/N92 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 118.5 75.5 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
0 Tw
(M/S MTV29-01)Tj
0 -1 TD
(901 San Antonio Road)Tj
T*
[(P)15 (alo Alto, CA 94303-4900)]TJ
/N130 1 Tf
18 0 0 18 85 672 Tm
[(An Ef\336cient Meta-loc)20 (k f)20 (o)0 (r)]TJ
0 -1.1111 TD
[(Implementing Ubiquitous Sync)10 (hr)20 (onization)]TJ
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12 0 0 12 85 606 Tm
[(Ole Agesen, Da)20 (vid Detlefs)16 (, Ale)29 (x Gar)-40 (thw)15 (aite)15 (,)]TJ
0 -1.3333 TD
[(Ross Knippel, Y)140 (.)0 ( S)21 (.)0 ( Ramakr)-15 (ishna, and Derek White)]TJ
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[(SMLI TR-99-76)-9165 (Apr)-15 (il 1999)]TJ
/N130 1 Tf
11 0 0 11 85 480.67 Tm
(Abstract:)Tj
/N133 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 85 458.33 Tm
[(Prog)10 (r)10 (ams)-431 (wr)-15 (itten)-431 (in)-431 (concurrent)-431 (object-or)-15 (iented)-431 (languages)15 (,)-431 (especially)-431 (ones)-432 (that)-431 (emplo)30 (y)-431 (threadsaf)30 (e)]TJ
0 -1.2 TD
[(reusab)20 (le)-277 (class)-277 (libr)10 (ar)-15 (ies)15 (,)-277 (can)-278 (e)31 (x)30 (ecute)-278 (synchronization)-277 (oper)10 (ations)-277 (\(loc)20 (k,)-277 (notify)100 (,)-277 (etc.\))-277 (at)-277 (an)-277 (amazing)-278 (r)10 (ate)15 (.)]TJ
T*
[(Unless)-365 (implemented)-364 (with)-365 (utmost)-364 (care)15 (,)-365 (synchronization)-365 (can)-364 (become)-365 (a)-364 (perf)30 (or)-25 (mance)-365 (bottlenec)20 (k.)-365 (Fur-)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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ET
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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[(Brinch)-249 (Hansen)-248 ([11])-248 (and)-248 (Hoare)-249 ([12])-249 (coined)-248 (the)-249 (term)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(lifetime,)-335 (and)-336 (can)-336 (therefore)-336 (serv)15 (e)-336 (a)0 (s)-335 (a)-336 (unique)-335 (identi\336er)55 (.)-336 (A)-335 (global)-336 (table)-336 (called)-336 (the)]TJ
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T*
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T*
[(cache)-309 (maps)-309 (the)-309 (object)-309 (to)-309 (a)-309 (monitor)41 (,)-309 (creating)-309 (and)-309 (installing)-308 (the)-309 (monitor)-309 (in)-309 (the)-309 (table)-309 (if)-309 (necessary)66 (.)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(entries)-399 (in)-399 (the)-399 (monitor)-399 (cache.)-399 (Ho)25 (we)25 (v)15 (e)0 (r)40 (,)-398 (it)-399 (is)-399 (f)10 (airly)-399 (time-inef)25 (\336cient,)-399 (since)-398 (each)-399 (synchronization)]TJ
T*
[(operation)-311 (must)-311 (\336rst)-311 (do)-311 (\(at)-312 (least\))-311 (a)-311 (table)-311 (lookup)-311 (to)-311 (locate)-310 (the)-311 (monitor)-311 (associated)-311 (with)-311 (the)-310 (object.)]TJ
T*
[(Further)40 (,)-287 (i)0 (t)-288 (i)0 (s)-288 (not)-288 (v)15 (ery)-288 (scalable.)-288 (The)-288 (monitor)-288 (cache)-288 (is)-288 (a)-288 (global)-288 (data)-287 (structure)-288 (that)-287 (is)-288 (accessed)-288 (con-)]TJ
T*
[(currently)65 (.)-260 (T)79 (o)-260 (mak)10 (e)-260 (this)-261 (concurrent)-260 (access)-260 (safe,)-261 (the)-260 (monitor)-260 (cache)-260 (is)-260 (protected)-260 (by)-260 (a)-260 (lock.)-260 (Thus,)-260 (all)]TJ
T*
[(synchronization)-367 (operations)-367 (obtain)-367 (a)-368 (single)-367 (lock,)-368 (an)-367 (ob)15 (vious)-367 (source)-367 (of)-368 (contention.)-367 (The)-367 (monitor)]TJ
T*
(cache locking also adds some cost in the uncontended case.)Tj
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[([3])-256 (propose)-256 (a)-256 (cle)24 (v)15 (e)0 (r)-256 (scheme)-256 (moti)25 (v)25 (ated)-256 (by)-257 (man)15 (y)-257 (o)0 (f)-256 (the)-256 (same)-256 (concerns)-257 (as)-256 (ours.)-256 (In)-256 (this)]TJ
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[(design,)-274 (24)-274 (bits)-274 (of)-274 (each)-274 (object)-274 (header)-274 (are)-274 (de)25 (v)20 (oted)-274 (to)-274 (locking.)-273 (One)-275 (bit)-274 (indicates)-274 (whether)-274 (the)-274 (object)]TJ
T*
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/N92 1 Tf
1.3517 0 TD
[(lock.)-295 (If)-295 (it)-296 (has)-295 (a)-296 (thin)-296 (lock,)-295 (then)-295 (all)-295 (necessary)-295 (locking)-296 (information)-295 (is)-295 (contained)-295 (in)]TJ
-6.7 -1.1667 TD
[(the)-276 (remaining)-276 (23)-277 (bits.)-277 (If)-276 (it)-276 (has)-277 (a)-277 (f)10 (at)-277 (lock,)-276 (then)-276 (the)-277 (remaining)-276 (23)-277 (bits)-277 (are)-276 (an)-276 (inde)15 (x)-277 (into)-276 (an)-277 (array)-276 (of)]TJ
T*
[(pointers)-257 (to)-257 (f)10 (a)0 (t)-257 (lock)-257 (structures)-258 (that,)-257 (much)-257 (lik)9 (e)-257 (monitors,)-257 (hold)-257 (the)-258 (necessary)-257 (data)-257 (for)-256 (the)-258 (synchroni-)]TJ
T*
[(zation)-305 (operations.)-305 (Thin)-305 (locks)-305 (are)-305 (used)-304 (as)-305 (long)-304 (as)-305 (the)-305 (lock)-305 (is)-305 (uncontended,)-305 (and)-305 (is)-305 (not)-304 (recursi)24 (v)15 (ely)]TJ
T*
[(lock)10 (ed)-294 (more)-294 (times)-294 (than)-295 (can)-294 (be)-294 (represented)-293 (in)-294 (a)-293 (count)-295 (\336eld)-294 (of)-294 (the)-294 (thin)-294 (lock;)-294 (if)-294 (either)-294 (condition)-294 (is)]TJ
T*
[(violated,)-340 (the)-340 (lock)-340 (representation)-340 (is)-340 (\322in\337ated.)70 (\323)-340 (This)-340 (design)-340 (does)-340 (well)-340 (at)-340 (optimizing)-341 (the)-340 (e)15 (xpected)]TJ
T*
[(common)-233 (case)-233 (of)-234 (uncontended)-233 (locking)-233 (and)-233 (unlocking.)-233 (Locking)-233 (requires)-233 (a)-234 (small)-233 (number)-233 (of)-234 (instruc-)]TJ
T*
[(tions,)-264 (with)-264 (only)-264 (one)-263 (atomic)-264 (instruction)-263 (in)-264 (the)-265 (f)10 (ast)-264 (path,)-264 (and)-263 (unlocking)-264 (requires)-264 (no)-263 (atomic)-264 (instruc-)]TJ
T*
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/N95 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 72 552 Tm
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/N94 1 Tf
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/N92 1 Tf
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-4.9383 -1.1667 TD
[(the)-240 (lock)-240 (must)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
5.6075 0 TD
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4.1083 0 TD
[(\(a.k.a.)-240 (spin\))-239 (until)-239 (the)-240 (lock)-239 (is)-240 (released.)-240 (Unbounded)-239 (b)20 (usy-w)10 (aiting)-239 (is)-240 (gen-)]TJ
-9.7158 -1.1667 TD
[(erally)-303 (undesirable)-303 (b)20 (ut,)-304 (as)-303 (the)-304 (authors)-303 (point)-303 (out,)-304 (b)20 (usy-w)10 (aiting)-303 (is)-304 (done)-303 (at)-304 (most)-302 (once)-304 (in)-303 (the)-304 (life-)]TJ
T*
[(time)-309 (of)-308 (a)-308 (g)0 (i)25 (v)15 (en)-308 (object.)-308 (Still,)-309 (it)-308 (w)10 (ould)-309 (not)-308 (be)-308 (hard)-308 (to)-309 (construct)-308 (a)-308 (program)-308 (that)-308 (does)-309 (contended)]TJ
T*
[(locking on man)15 (y short-li)26 (v)15 (ed objects, causing a great deal of b)21 (usy-w)10 (aiting.)]TJ
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10 0 0 10 72 476 Tm
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[(While)-245 (this)-246 (is)-245 (not)-245 (an)-245 (issue)-245 (for)-246 (most)-245 (programs,)-245 (one)-245 (could)-245 (imagine)-245 (a)-245 (long-li)25 (v)15 (e)0 (d)-245 (program)-245 (in)-245 (which)]TJ
T*
[(man)15 (y)-368 (long-li)25 (v)14 (e)0 (d)-368 (objects)-368 (are)-368 (lock)10 (ed)-368 (with)-368 (contention)-368 (at)-368 (some)-368 (point)-368 (in)-368 (their)-368 (lifetimes.)-367 (Absent)]TJ
T*
[(some)-381 (form)-380 (of)-380 (de\337ation,)-380 (such)-380 (a)-380 (program)-380 (w)10 (ould)-380 (consume)-381 (a)-380 (lar)18 (ge)-380 (amount)-381 (of)-380 (memory)-379 (for)-381 (f)10 (a)0 (t)]TJ
T*
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/N95 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 72 400 Tm
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/N94 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 85.75 400 Tm
[(Space)-359 (consumption.)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
8.4683 0 TD
[(Thin)-359 (locks)-360 (use)-359 (24)-360 (bits.)-359 (This)-359 (is)-360 (a)-359 (signi\336cant)-359 (o)15 (v)15 (erhead)-359 (since)-360 (the)-360 (a)20 (v)15 (erage)]TJ
-8.4683 -1.1667 TD
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-1.1458 -1.75 TD
[(In)-452 (other)-451 (related)-451 (w)9 (ork,)-451 (monitor)-452 (implementations)-451 (ha)21 (v)15 (e)-452 (been)-452 (proposed)-451 (that)-451 (e)15 (xploit)-452 (cooperati)25 (v)15 (e)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
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T*
[([21,)-252 (24].)-252 (As)-251 (we)-252 (ha)20 (v)15 (e)-252 (already)-252 (noted,)-251 (we)-252 (assume)-252 (preempti)25 (v)15 (e)-252 (scheduling,)-252 (and)-252 (desire)-252 (algorithms)-252 (that)]TJ
T*
[(w)10 (ork)-309 (well)-309 (for)-309 (both)-309 (single-)-308 (and)-309 (multi-threaded)-308 (programs,)-308 (so)-309 (we)-308 (shall)-308 (not)-309 (discuss)-308 (these)-309 (restricted)]TJ
T*
[(schemes further)55 (.)]TJ
0 -1.75 TD
[(In)-242 ([4],)-241 (Bak)-242 (describes)-242 (ho)25 (w)-241 (a)0 (n)-242 (early)-242 (v)15 (ersion)-243 (of)-241 (Sun\325)55 (s)-242 (HotSpot\252)-242 (JVM)-242 (locks)-241 (objects)-242 (by)-242 (replacing)-241 (an)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(object)-252 (header)-252 (w)10 (ord)-253 (with)-252 (a)-252 (pointer)-252 (to)-252 (an)-253 (e)16 (xternal)-252 (lock)-252 (structure,)-252 (displacing)-251 (the)-252 (original)-252 (contents)-252 (of)]TJ
T*
[(the)-270 (header)-269 (w)10 (ord)-269 (into)-270 (the)-269 (lock)-270 (structure.)-269 (T)80 (w)10 (o)-270 (l)0 (o)26 (w-order)-270 (bits)-269 (in)-269 (the)-269 (header)-270 (w)10 (ord)-269 (encode)-269 (its)-270 (format.)]TJ
T*
[(HotSpot)-361 (stack)-361 (allocates)-361 (lock)-360 (structures)-360 (for)-361 (ef)25 (\336cienc)15 (y)65 (.)-361 (Furthermore,)-361 (this)-361 (stack)-361 (allocation)-361 (allo)25 (ws)]TJ
T*
[(f)10 (ast)-388 (recursi)25 (v)15 (e)-389 (locking)-389 (by)-388 (enabling)-388 (ef)25 (\336cient)-389 (v)15 (eri\336cation)-388 (that)-388 (an)-388 (object)-388 (is)-389 (lock)10 (ed)-388 (by)-388 (the)-389 (current)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(membership)-276 (in)-276 (the)-276 (same)-277 (thread)-276 (stack,)-277 (the)-276 (current)-276 (thread)-276 (must)-276 (be)-277 (the)-276 (lock)-276 (o)25 (wner)56 (.)-277 (I)0 (n)-276 (non-preemp-)]TJ
T*
[(ti)25 (v)15 (e)-293 (thread)-293 (systems,)-292 (locking)-292 (and)-292 (unlocking)-292 (can)-292 (be)-293 (implemented)-292 (straightforw)10 (ardly)65 (.)-292 (I)0 (n)-292 (preempti)25 (v)15 (e)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(e)15 (xclusi)25 (v)15 (e)0 ( access to at most one thread; other threads b)21 (usy-w)10 (ait for their turn.)]TJ
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T*
[(synchronization and emplo)11 (y a b)20 (usy-w)10 (ait-free protocol to protect the header w)11 (ord.)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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[(the)-305 (returned)-305 (w)10 (ord\325)55 (s)-305 (l)0 (o)25 (w-order)-305 (bits)-305 (indicate)-305 (the)-305 (object)-305 (is)]TJ
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T*
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T*
[(e)25 (v)15 (ery other thread kno)26 (ws its predecessor from the)]TJ
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[(A)-328 (thread)-328 (acquires)-328 (the)-328 (meta-lock)-327 (to)-329 (perform)-327 (some)-328 (operation)-328 (on)-327 (the)-328 (synchronization)-327 (data.)-328 (At)-328 (the)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(end)-248 (of)-248 (this)-247 (operation,)-248 (it)-247 (releases)-247 (the)-248 (meta-lock)-247 (and)-248 (sets)-247 (the)-248 (multi-use)-247 (w)9 (ord)-248 (of)-247 (the)-248 (object)-248 (to)-248 (a)-248 (v)25 (alue)]TJ
T*
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/N95 1 Tf
36.6 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
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/N95 1 Tf
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/N92 1 Tf
4.555 0 TD
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/N94 1 Tf
T*
[(r)37 (elease)-293 (bits)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
4.8833 0 TD
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/N95 1 Tf
6.4958 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
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/N95 1 Tf
19.22 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
1.4542 0 TD
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/N95 1 Tf
3.1733 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
2.6542 0 TD
[(state\))-253 (and,)-254 (if)-253 (it)-254 (is)-254 (still)-254 (the)-254 (same,)]TJ
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[(write)-286 (the)-285 (release)-286 (bits.)-286 (If)-286 (the)-286 (comparison)-285 (f)11 (ails,)-286 (then)-285 (some)-286 (other)-286 (thread)-286 (has)-286 (attempted)-285 (to)-286 (obtain)-286 (the)]TJ
T*
[(meta-lock)-347 (and)-348 (is)-346 (no)25 (w)-347 (w)9 (aiting)-347 (for)-346 (its)-347 (turn.)-347 (In)-347 (this)-347 (case,)-347 (the)-347 (releasing)-346 (thread)-347 (will)-347 (\322hand)-347 (of)25 (f\323)-347 (the)]TJ
T*
[(meta-lock)-287 (to)-288 (the)-287 (ne)15 (xt)-288 (thread)-288 (in)-287 (the)-288 (order)-287 (induced)-287 (by)-287 (the)-288 (sw)10 (ap)-288 (operations,)-287 (by)-288 (calling)]TJ
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[(thread)-281 (had)-282 (completed)-281 (its)-282 (meta-lock)-281 (release,)-281 (writing)-282 (out)-281 (its)-282 (non-)]TJ
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25.5567 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
2.6817 0 TD
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0 -1.1667 TD
[(total)-304 (order)-304 (kno)25 (ws)-304 (the)-305 (identity)-304 (of)-304 (its)-304 (predecessor)40 (,)-304 (b)20 (ut)-304 (not)-304 (of)-304 (its)-304 (successor)56 (.)-305 (\(Note)-304 (that)-304 (the)-305 (changed)]TJ
3.8617 44.6525 TD
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[(int)-3600 (lockCount;)-1800 (/* # recursive locks. */)]TJ
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T*
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395.12 696.43 m
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395.12 696.43 m
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405 711 27 -27 re
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440.88 695.24 m
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440.88 695.24 m
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10 0 0 10 405.46 665.67 Tm
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450 711 27 -27 re
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10 0 0 10 450.46 675.67 Tm
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485.88 695.24 m
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484.39 697.48 m
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10 0 0 10 450.46 665.67 Tm
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495 711 27 -27 re
S
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10 0 0 10 495.46 675.67 Tm
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7 0 0 7 84.5 537.95 Tm
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1.2 -2.2857 TD
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0 -1.1429 TD
(BitField lockBits =)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
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-1.2 -1.1429 TD
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1.2 -1.1429 TD
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-2.4 -1.1429 TD
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31.9486 8 TD
(void releaseMetaLock\(ExecEnv *ee, Object *obj,)Tj
12.6 -1.1429 TD
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-11.4 -1.1428 TD
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T*
(BitField lockBits = CAS\(releaseBits, busyBits,)Tj
14.4 -1.1429 TD
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-14.4 -1.1429 TD
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1.2 -1.1429 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 195.77 458.33 Tm
[(Figure 5. F)16 (ast paths for meta-lock operations)]TJ
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/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
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0 Tc
(10)Tj
-19 56.4858 TD
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/N94 1 Tf
30.2192 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
1.52 0 TD
[(necessarily)-243 (that)-242 (of)]TJ
-31.7392 -1.1667 TD
[(the)-410 (releasing)-411 (thread\325)55 (s)-410 (successor;)-411 (se)25 (v)15 (eral)-411 (threads)-410 (may)-410 (ha)20 (v)15 (e)-411 (performed)-411 (sw)10 (aps)-410 (since)-411 (the)-411 (current)]TJ
T*
[(thread)-316 (acquired)-316 (the)-315 (meta-lock,)-316 (and)-316 (the)-316 (v)25 (alue)-316 (present)-316 (will)-316 (re\337ect)-316 (the)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
27.8608 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
1.5158 0 TD
[(of)-316 (the)-316 (last)-316 (such)-316 (thread.\))]TJ
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[(Because)-313 (of)-313 (this)-313 (asymmetry)65 (,)-313 (the)-313 (hand-of)25 (f)-313 (from)-313 (a)-313 (predecessor)-313 (to)-313 (its)-313 (successor)-313 (synchronizes)-312 (using)]TJ
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[(state)-332 (in)-331 (the)-332 (predecessor\325)56 (s)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
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/N92 1 Tf
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[(.)-332 (A)0 (s)-331 (w)0 (e)-332 (s)0 (a)16 (w)-332 (in)-331 (Figure)-250 (1,)-332 (that)-332 (state)-331 (includes)-332 (a)-331 (mute)14 (x)-332 (and)-331 (condition)]TJ
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5.3092 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
7.8 0 TD
0 Tw
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/N95 1 Tf
0.2783 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
8.96 0 TD
[(,)-279 (a)-279 (\336eld)-279 (to)-279 (record)-279 (the)-279 (successor\325)55 (s)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
13.4792 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
1.2 0 TD
[(,)-279 (and)]TJ
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T*
[(to)-271 (ensure)-271 (that)-272 (the)-270 (threads)-271 (participating)-271 (in)-271 (the)-270 (hand-of)25 (f)-271 (update)-271 (the)-271 (other)-271 (\336elds)-271 (in)-271 (the)-270 (correct)-271 (order)55 (.)]TJ
T*
[(The)-310 (condition)-310 (v)25 (ariable)-310 (is)-310 (used)-310 (to)-309 (block)-310 (whiche)25 (v)15 (e)0 (r)-310 (thread)-310 (enters)-310 (the)-310 (hand-of)25 (f)-310 (\336rst)-311 (until)-309 (the)-310 (other)]TJ
T*
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0 -1.75 TD
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0 -1.1667 TD
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36 0 TD
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[(.)-231 (I)0 (f)-230 (the)-230 (predecessor)-231 (thread)-230 (wins)-230 (the)-230 (race,)-231 (it)-230 (will)-231 (set)-231 (the)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
-17.6375 -1.1667 TD
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[(\336eld)-286 (in)-285 (its)]TJ
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[(.)-286 (I)0 (f)-286 (the)-286 (successor)-285 (thread)-286 (wins)-286 (the)-285 (race,)-287 (it)-286 (will)-286 (change)-286 (the)]TJ
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3.9225 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
1.5225 0 TD
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/N95 1 Tf
10.5175 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
2.7217 0 TD
[(to)-323 (the)-321 (address)-323 (of)-322 (its)-322 (o)25 (w)0 (n)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
-28.915 -1.1667 TD
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[(Case)-238 (1:)-239 (successor)-238 (\(acquiring\))-238 (thr)37 (ead)-238 (wins)-238 (r)16 (ace)15 (.)]TJ
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19.35 0 TD
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6.7883 0 TD
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6.8283 0 TD
[(\336eld)-228 (is)]TJ
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2.9017 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
3.6 0 TD
[(,)-247 (and)-248 (w)10 (aits)-248 (for)-246 (the)-247 (predecessor)-247 (to)-247 (com-)]TJ
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[(plete)-241 (the)-240 (transaction.)-240 (When)-241 (the)-240 (predecessor)-241 (acquires)-240 (the)-240 (mute)15 (x,)-241 (it)-241 (notes)-241 (from)-241 (the)-240 (non-)]TJ
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34.2183 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
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29.805 0 TD
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T*
(the meta-lock.)Tj
/N94 1 Tf
0 -1.75 TD
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20.4233 0 TD
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[(acquired)-272 (the)-272 (mute)14 (x)-272 (\336rst)-272 (by)-272 (noting)-272 (that)-272 (its)]TJ
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16.885 0 TD
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/N92 1 Tf
3.8725 0 TD
[(\336eld)-272 (is)-272 (still)]TJ
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2.4 0 TD
[(.)-272 (I)0 (t)-272 (does)-272 (not)-273 (kno)25 (w)-272 (the)-272 (iden-)]TJ
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[(tity)-329 (of)-329 (its)-329 (successor)41 (,)-329 (b)20 (ut)-329 (it)-329 (kno)25 (ws)-329 (that)-329 (the)-329 (successor)-329 (kno)25 (ws)-329 (its)-329 (identity)65 (.)-329 (Thus,)-328 (it)-329 (sets)-329 (the)]TJ
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36 0 TD
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5.1058 0 TD
[(\336eld)-307 (of)-306 (its)]TJ
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[(to)-306 (the)-306 (proper)-306 (release)-306 (bits)-306 (v)25 (alue,)-306 (and)-306 (sets)-307 (the)]TJ
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18.1442 0 TD
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[(\336eld)-306 (to)]TJ
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[(bits)-243 (are)-243 (a)20 (v)25 (ailable)-243 (in)-244 (its)-242 (predecessor\325)55 (s)]TJ
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14.8008 0 TD
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7.4433 0 TD
[(\336eld.)-243 (It)-243 (copies)-243 (those)-244 (bits,)-242 (resets)-244 (the)-243 (prede-)]TJ
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6.8733 0 TD
[(to)-274 (the)-273 (def)10 (ault)-273 (v)25 (alue)-273 (of)]TJ
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9.1075 0 TD
(FALSE)Tj
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T*
[(mute)15 (x.)]TJ
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T*
[(sw)10 (ap)-254 (order)40 (,)-253 (s)0 (o)-254 (i)0 (f)-254 (n)0 (o)-253 (thread)-254 (blocks)-253 (inde\336nitely)-254 (while)-254 (holding)-254 (the)-254 (meta-lock,)-254 (all)-253 (threads)-254 (attempting)]TJ
T*
[(to acquire the meta-lock will e)26 (v)15 (entually succeed.)]TJ
0 -1.75 TD
[(Armed)-300 (with)-299 (this)-299 (meta-lock,)-299 (we)-299 (no)25 (w)-300 (proceed)-299 (to)-299 (implement)-298 (the)-300 (monitor)-299 (operations:)-299 (lock,)-300 (unlock,)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(w)10 (ait,)-445 (and)-444 (notify)65 (.)-444 (Because)-444 (the)-445 (meta-lock)-444 (arbitrates)-445 (access)-444 (among)-445 (contending)-444 (threads,)-444 (we)-444 (can)]TJ
T*
[(implement)-323 (monitor)-323 (operations)-323 (using)-324 (a)-324 (number)-323 (of)-323 (dif)25 (ferent)-324 (data)-323 (structures)-323 (and)-323 (of)25 (fer)-323 (a)-323 (v)25 (ariety)-323 (of)]TJ
ET
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0 0 612 792 RC
1 g
/N93 /ExtGState findRes gs
1 i
0 0 612 792 re
f
BT
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
(11)Tj
-19 29.6525 TD
[(semantics)-329 ([7].)-329 (W)80 (e)-329 (ha)20 (v)15 (e)-329 (chosen)-329 (an)-329 (implementation)-328 (that)-329 (uses)-329 (a)-329 (simple)-329 (link)9 (ed)-328 (list)-329 (of)-329 (lock)-329 (records)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
0 Tw
[(and gi)25 (v)15 (es equal preference to a)16 (w)10 (ak)10 (ened w)10 (aiters and ne)26 (wly arri)25 (v)15 (ed threads.)]TJ
/N91 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 72 343.67 Tm
(4.3 Locking and unlocking objects)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 72 319 Tm
[(Acquiring)-379 (and)-379 (releasing)-379 (the)-380 (monitor)21 (-lock)-379 (of)-379 (an)-379 (object)-378 (corresponds)-379 (to)-379 (entering)-379 (and)-379 (e)15 (xiting)-379 (the)]TJ
T*
[(object\325)55 (s)-359 (monitor)55 (.)-359 (Figure)-250 (7)-360 (sho)25 (ws)-359 (the)-360 (f)10 (ast-path)-359 (implementation)-359 (for)-360 (these)-359 (operations.)-359 (Most)-360 (com-)]TJ
T*
[(monly)65 (,)-279 (the)-279 (object)-279 (being)-279 (monitor)21 (-lock)10 (ed)-279 (is)-279 (either)-279 (unlock)10 (ed\321in)-279 (a)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
26.0975 0 TD
(NEUTRAL)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
4.4783 0 TD
(or)Tj
/N95 1 Tf
1.1125 0 TD
(WAITERS)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
4.4783 0 TD
(state\321)Tj
-36.1667 -1.1667 TD
[(or)-349 (being)-350 (lock)10 (ed)-350 (recursi)25 (v)15 (ely)65 (.)-350 (I)0 (n)-350 (these)-350 (cases,)-350 (the)-350 (locking)-350 (thread)-350 (simply)-349 (updates)-350 (the)-350 (object\325)55 (s)-350 (syn-)]TJ
T*
[(chronization)-360 (data;)-360 (it)-360 (need)-359 (not)-360 (interact)-360 (with)-359 (other)-360 (threads.)-360 (Lik)10 (e)25 (wise,)-359 (when)-360 (unlocking)-360 (an)-360 (object,)]TJ
T*
[(there)-269 (are)-269 (tw)10 (o)-269 (cases)-269 (that)-269 (in)40 (v)20 (olv)16 (e)-269 (n)0 (o)-269 (interaction)-269 (with)-269 (other)-269 (threads:)-270 (the)-269 (unlocking)-269 (thread)-269 (has)-269 (recur-)]TJ
T*
[(si)25 (v)15 (ely)-280 (lock)10 (ed)-279 (the)-280 (object,)-279 (in)-279 (which)-279 (case)-279 (it)-280 (simply)-279 (decrements)-279 (the)-280 (lock)-280 (count;)-279 (or)-279 (there)-279 (are)-280 (no)-279 (other)]TJ
T*
[(threads)-272 (attempting)-272 (to)-273 (acquire)-272 (a)-272 (singly-held)-272 (lock,)-272 (in)-272 (which)-273 (case)-272 (it)-272 (restores)-271 (the)-272 (displaced)-272 (multi-use)]TJ
T*
[(w)10 (ord v)25 (alue, which has the)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
10.685 0 TD
(NEUTRAL)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
4.2 0 TD
( lock state.)Tj
-14.885 -1.75 TD
[(The)-332 (remaining)-332 (cases)-332 (in)40 (v)20 (olv)16 (e)-333 (threads)-333 (contending)-332 (for)-332 (the)-332 (monitor)20 (-lock;)-332 (see)-333 (Figure)-250 (8.)-332 (Much)-333 (as)-332 (in)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(meta-lock)-244 (hand-of)25 (f,)-244 (we)-245 (use)-244 (a)-244 (per)20 (-thread)-245 (mute)15 (x)-244 (and)-244 (condition)-244 (v)25 (ariable)-245 (to)-244 (coordinate)-244 (acquiring)-244 (and)]TJ
T*
[(releasing)-356 (threads.)-355 (When)-355 (a)-355 (thread)-356 (attempts)-355 (to)-356 (acquire)-355 (a)-355 (monitor)20 (-lock)-355 (b)20 (u)0 (t)-356 (\336nds)-355 (it)-356 (lock)10 (ed,)-355 (it)-356 (sus-)]TJ
T*
[(pends)-232 (on)-232 (a)-232 (condition)-233 (v)25 (ariable)-232 (in)-232 (its)-232 (o)25 (w)0 (n)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
16.0292 0 TD
(EE)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
1.2 0 TD
[(,)-232 (w)10 (aiting)-232 (to)-232 (be)-233 (signalled)-232 (by)-232 (a)-233 (lock-releasing)-232 (thread)-232 (that)]TJ
-17.2292 -1.1667 TD
[(it)-285 (should)-285 (re-attempt)-285 (the)-285 (acquisition.)-285 (When)-284 (the)-285 (acquiring)-284 (thread)-285 (recei)25 (v)15 (e)0 (s)-284 (this)-285 (signal,)-285 (it)-285 (repeats)-285 (the)]TJ
T*
[(lock-acquisition)-250 (slo)25 (w)-250 (path:)-250 (it)-251 (acquires)-249 (the)-250 (object\325)55 (s)-250 (meta-lock)-250 (and)-250 (checks)-250 (the)-250 (object\325)55 (s)-250 (lock)-250 (state.)-250 (If)]TJ
T*
[(the)-384 (state)-384 (is)-385 (no)25 (w)-384 (dif)25 (ferent)-384 (from)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
13.0842 0 TD
(LOCKED)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
3.6 0 TD
[(,)-384 (i)0 (t)-384 (adjusts)-384 (the)-384 (synchronization)-383 (data)-384 (to)-384 (indicate)-384 (that)-384 (it)]TJ
-16.6842 -1.1667 TD
[(holds)-267 (the)-267 (monitor)20 (-lock)-267 (and)-267 (releases)-267 (the)-267 (meta-lock;)-267 (if)-267 (the)-268 (state)-267 (is)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
25.9725 0 TD
(LOCKED)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
3.6 0 TD
[(,)-268 (the)-267 (thread)-268 (releases)-267 (the)]TJ
-29.5725 -1.1667 TD
[(meta-lock and w)10 (aits again.)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
8 0 0 8 309 705.67 Tm
(void releaseMetaLockSlow\(ExecEnv *ee,)Tj
15 -1.25 TD
[(BitField)-544 (releaseBits\))-544 ({)]TJ
-13.8 -1.25 TD
(/* We are in a race with our successor to)Tj
1.8 -1.25 TD
(lock ee->metaLockMutex; the winner of)Tj
T*
(the race waits for the loser. */)Tj
-1.8 -1.25 TD
(mutexLock\(&ee->metaLockMutex\);)Tj
T*
(if \(ee->succEE\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.25 TD
(/* Lost the race: */)Tj
T*
(assert\(!ee->succEE->bitsForGrab\);)Tj
T*
(assert\(!ee->bitsForGrab\);)Tj
T*
(assert\(!ee->succEE->gotMetaLockSlow\);)Tj
T*
[(ee->succEE->metaLockBits)-2400 (= releaseBits;)]TJ
T*
(ee->succEE->gotMetaLockSlow = TRUE;)Tj
T*
(ee->succEE = NULL;)Tj
T*
(condvarSignal\(&ee->metaLockCondvar\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.25 TD
(} else {)Tj
1.2 -1.25 TD
(/* Won the race: */)Tj
T*
(ee->metaLockBits = releaseBits;)Tj
T*
[(ee->bitsForGrab)-1200 (= TRUE;)]TJ
T*
(do {)Tj
1.2 -1.25 TD
(condvarWait\(&ee->metaLockCondvar,)Tj
7.2 -1.25 TD
(&ee->metaLockMutex\);)Tj
-8.4 -1.25 TD
(} while \(ee->bitsForGrab\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.25 TD
(})Tj
T*
(mutexUnlock\(&ee->metaLockMutex\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.25 TD
(})Tj
-29.125 31.25 TD
(BitField getMetaLockSlow\(ExecEnv *ee,)Tj
15 -1.25 TD
(BitField predBits\) {)Tj
-13.8 -1.25 TD
(BitField bits;)Tj
T*
(ExecEnv *predEE = busyEE\(predBits\);)Tj
T*
(assert\(getLockState\(predBits\) == BUSY\);)Tj
T*
(mutexLock\(&predEE->metaLockMutex\);)Tj
T*
(if \(!predEE->bitsForGrab\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.25 TD
(/* Won the race: */)Tj
T*
(predEE->succEE = ee;)Tj
T*
(do {)Tj
1.2 -1.25 TD
(condvarWait\(&predEE->metaLockCondvar,)Tj
7.2 -1.25 TD
(&predEE->metaLockMutex\);)Tj
-8.4 -1.25 TD
(} while \(!ee->gotMetaLockSlow\);)Tj
T*
(ee->gotMetaLockSlow = FALSE;)Tj
T*
(bits = ee->metaLockBits;)Tj
-1.2 -1.25 TD
(} else {)Tj
1.2 -1.25 TD
(/* Lost the race: */)Tj
T*
(bits = predEE->metaLockBits;)Tj
T*
(predEE->bitsForGrab = FALSE;)Tj
T*
(condvarSignal\(&predEE->metaLockCondvar\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.25 TD
(})Tj
T*
(mutexUnlock\(&predEE->metaLockMutex\);)Tj
T*
(return bits;)Tj
-1.2 -1.25 TD
(})Tj
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 196 433.67 Tm
[(Figure 6. Slo)25 (w paths for meta-lock operations)]TJ
ET
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0 0 612 792 RC
1 g
/N93 /ExtGState findRes gs
1 i
0 0 612 792 re
f
BT
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
(12)Tj
-19 12.5967 TD
[(T)80 (o)-248 (release)-247 (a)-248 (contended)-248 (monitor)21 (-lock,)-247 (a)-248 (thread)-248 (\336rst)-247 (obtains)-248 (the)-248 (meta-lock.)-247 (Then)-248 (it)-247 (remo)15 (v)15 (e)0 (s)-248 (its)-248 (o)25 (w)0 (n)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(lock)-341 (record)-342 (from)-342 (the)-341 (queue.)-342 (Subsequently)66 (,)-342 (i)0 (t)-341 (calls)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
20.7758 0 TD
(wakeupEE\(\))Tj
/N92 1 Tf
6.3417 0 TD
[(to)-341 (\336nd)-341 (the)-342 (\336rst)-341 (thread)-342 (on)-342 (the)]TJ
-27.1175 -1.1667 TD
[(lock)-308 (queue)-308 (that)-307 (is)-308 (w)10 (aiting)-308 (to)-309 (acquire)-307 (the)-308 (lock.)-308 (If)-308 (there)-308 (is)-308 (such)-308 (a)-308 (thread,)-308 (it)-308 (is)-308 (signalled.)-307 (Then,)-308 (the)]TJ
T*
[(releasing)-330 (thread)-330 (performs)-331 (a)-330 (meta-lock)-330 (release)-331 (to)-329 (write)-331 (out)-330 (the)-330 (shortened)-330 (lock)-330 (queue)-330 (and)-330 (set)-331 (the)]TJ
T*
[(lock)-280 (state)-280 (to)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
5.175 0 TD
(WAITERS)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
4.2 0 TD
[(.)-280 (\()0 (W)80 (e)-280 (ha)20 (v)15 (e)-280 (elided)-281 (code)-280 (that)-281 (optimizes)-280 (a)15 (w)10 (ay)-280 (redundant)-281 (signalling)-280 (on)-281 (w)10 (ait-)]TJ
-9.375 -1.1667 TD
[(ing)-245 (threads.\))-245 (Thus,)-245 (at)-245 (the)-245 (monitor)20 (-lock)-245 (le)25 (v)15 (el,)-245 (unlik)10 (e)-245 (the)-245 (meta-lock)-245 (le)25 (v)15 (el,)-245 (we)-245 (do)-245 (not)-245 (use)-244 (a)-245 (hand-of)25 (f:)]TJ
T*
[(the)-238 (releasing)-238 (thread)-238 (does)-238 (not)-239 (gi)26 (v)14 (e)-238 (the)-238 (monitor)20 (-lock)-238 (to)-238 (a)-238 (w)10 (aiting)-239 (thread)-238 (b)20 (u)0 (t)-238 (merely)-238 (in)40 (vites)-238 (the)-238 (w)10 (ait-)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(ing thread to re-attempt the acquisition.)Tj
/N95 1 Tf
7 0 0 7 80.71 710.55 Tm
(bool_t monitorEnter\(ExecEnv *ee, Object *obj\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
[(BitField)-1201 (r)-3000 (=)0 ( getMetaLock\(ee, obj\);)]TJ
T*
(LockState state = lockState\(r\);)Tj
T*
(if \(state == NEUTRAL\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(/* Establish locking by this thread. */)Tj
T*
(LockRecord *lr = allocLockRecord\(ee\);)Tj
T*
(lr->storedBits = r;)Tj
T*
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, lr | LOCKED\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1428 TD
(} else if \(state == LOCKED\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(LockRecord *ownerLR = lockRecord\(r\);)Tj
T*
(if \(ownerLR->owner == ee\) {)Tj
1.2014 -1.1429 TD
(/* Recursive locking. */)Tj
T*
(ownerLR->lockCount++;)Tj
T*
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, r\);)Tj
-1.2014 -1.1429 TD
(} else {)Tj
1.2014 -1.1429 TD
(LockRecord *lr = allocLockRecord\(ee\);)Tj
T*
(ownerLR->queue = appendToQueue\(ownerLR->queue,)Tj
18.6 -1.1428 TD
(lr\);)Tj
-18.6 -1.1429 TD
(monitorEnterSlow\(ee, obj, r\);)Tj
-1.2014 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(} else if \(state == WAITERS\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(/* obj is unlocked but has threads waiting)Tj
1.8 -1.1429 TD
(for notification. */)Tj
-1.8 -1.1429 TD
(LockRecord *lr = allocLockRecord\(ee\);)Tj
T*
(LockRecord *firstWaiterLR = lockRecord\(r\);)Tj
T*
[(lr->queue)-3600 (= firstWaiterLR;)]TJ
T*
(lr->storedBits = firstWaiterLR->storedBits;)Tj
T*
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, lr | LOCKED\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
T*
(return TRUE;)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
33.47 34.3871 TD
(bool_t monitorExit\(ExecEnv *ee, Object *obj\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
[(BitField)-2400 (r)-4200 (=)0 ( getMetaLock\(ee, obj\);)]TJ
T*
(LockRecord *ownerLR = lockRecord\(r\);)Tj
T*
[(LockState)-1800 (state)-1800 (= lockState\(r\);)]TJ
T*
(if \(state == LOCKED && ownerLR->owner == ee\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(assert\(ownerLR->lockCount >= 1\);)Tj
T*
(if \(ownerLR->lockCount == 1\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(/* Last release: will not have lock)Tj
1.8 -1.1429 TD
(after this operation. */)Tj
-1.8 -1.1429 TD
(if \(ownerLR->queue == NULL\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(/* No-one waiting. */)Tj
T*
(assert\(lockState\(ownerLR->storedBits\))Tj
4.8 -1.1429 TD
(== NEUTRAL\);)Tj
-4.8 -1.1429 TD
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj,)Tj
9.6 -1.1429 TD
(ownerLR->storedBits\);)Tj
-10.8 -1.1429 TD
(} else {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(/* There is a queue. Release)Tj
1.8 -1.1429 TD
(with wakeup call. */)Tj
-1.8 -1.1429 TD
(ownerLR->queue->storedBits =)Tj
12 -1.1429 TD
(ownerLR->storedBits;)Tj
-12 -1.1429 TD
(monitorExitSlow\(ee, obj, ownerLR->queue\);)Tj
T*
(ownerLR->queue = NULL;)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
T*
(recycleLockRecord\(ee, ownerLR\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(} else {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(/* Still has lock after this. */)Tj
T*
(ownerLR->lockCount--;)Tj
T*
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, r\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(} else {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, r\);)Tj
T*
(throwIllegalMonitorStateException\(\);)Tj
T*
(return FALSE;)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
T*
(return TRUE;)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 191.05 413.5 Tm
[(Figure 7. F)15 (ast paths for monitor)20 (-lock operations)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
7 0 0 7 81 368.43 Tm
(void monitorEnterSlow\(ExecEnv *ee, Object *obj,)Tj
13.2 -1.1429 TD
(BitField r\) {)Tj
-12 -1.1429 TD
(LockRecord *lr;)Tj
T*
(while \(lockState\(r\) == LOCKED\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(mutexLock\(&ee->monitorLockMutex\);)Tj
T*
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, r\);)Tj
T*
(condvarWait\(&ee->monitorLockCondvar,)Tj
7.2 -1.1429 TD
(&ee->monitorLockMutex\);)Tj
-7.2 -1.1429 TD
(mutexUnlock\(&ee->monitorLockMutex\);)Tj
T*
(r = getMetaLock\(ee, obj\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
T*
(assert\(lockState\(r\) == WAITERS\);)Tj
T*
(lr = moveMyLRToFront\(ee, lockRecord\(r\)\);)Tj
T*
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, lr | LOCKED\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
33.4286 15.9386 TD
(void monitorExitSlow\(ExecEnv *ee, Object *obj,)Tj
12.6 -1.1429 TD
(LockRecord *lr\) {)Tj
-11.4 -1.1429 TD
(ExecEnv *wakeEE = wakeupEE\(lr\);)Tj
T*
(if \(wakeEE\) {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(mutexLock\(&wakeEE->monitorLockMutex\);)Tj
T*
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, lr | WAITERS\);)Tj
T*
(condvarSignal\(&wakeEE->monitorLockCondvar\);)Tj
T*
(mutexUnlock\(&wakeEE->monitorLockMutex\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(} else {)Tj
1.2 -1.1429 TD
(releaseMetaLock\(ee, obj, lr | WAITERS\);)Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
-1.2 -1.1429 TD
(})Tj
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 188.78 239.67 Tm
[(Figure 8. Slo)25 (ws path for monitor)21 (-lock operations)]TJ
ET
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0 0 612 792 RC
1 g
/N93 /ExtGState findRes gs
1 i
0 0 612 792 re
f
BT
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
(13)Tj
/N91 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 72 406.17 Tm
0 Tw
[(4.4 W)65 (aiting and notifying)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 72 381.5 Tm
[(Figure)-250 (9)-248 (sho)25 (ws)-247 (the)-247 (remaining)-247 (tw)10 (o)-247 (monitor)-248 (operations:)-247 (w)9 (ait)-247 (and)-248 (notify)65 (.)-248 (The)-247 (Ja)20 (v)25 (a)-247 (language)-247 (speci\336-)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(cation)-230 (requires)-230 (that)-231 (the)-230 (thread)-230 (performing)-231 (them)-230 (must)-231 (hold)-230 (the)-230 (object\325)55 (s)-230 (monitor)20 (-lock,)-230 (otherwise)-231 (the)]TJ
T*
[(operations)-292 (thro)25 (w)-292 (a)0 (n)-293 (e)15 (xception.)-292 (A)-292 (thread)-293 (w)10 (aits)-293 (by)-292 (acquiring)-292 (the)-292 (meta-lock,)-292 (setting)-292 (the)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
34.8 0 TD
(isWait-)Tj
-34.8 -1.1667 TD
(ingForNotify)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
7.5242 0 TD
[(\336eld)-324 (in)-324 (its)-323 (EE,)-325 (and)-323 (releasing)-324 (the)-324 (monitor)20 (-lock)-323 (and)-324 (meta-lock)-324 (\(i.e.,)-323 (setting)-325 (the)]TJ
-7.5242 -1.1667 TD
[(lock)-269 (state)-268 (to)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
5.1383 0 TD
(WAITERS)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
4.2 0 TD
[(\).)-269 (It)-268 (then)-268 (w)10 (aits)-268 (until)-268 (a)-269 (noti\336cation)-268 (operation)-268 (mak)10 (es)-269 (it)-268 (a)-269 (potential)-268 (lock)-268 (con-)]TJ
-9.3383 -1.1667 TD
[(tender)-239 (again,)-239 (and)-239 (some)-239 (monitor)21 (-lock)-239 (release)-239 (operation)-239 (signals)-239 (it)-240 (to)-239 (acti)25 (v)15 (ely)-239 (contend,)-239 (or)-239 (until)-239 (some)]TJ
T*
[(amount)-285 (of)-284 (time)-284 (speci\336ed)-285 (in)-284 (the)-285 (w)10 (ait)-285 (operation)-284 (has)-284 (elapsed.)-285 (A)-285 (notifying)-284 (thread)-285 (similarly)-285 (acquires)]TJ
T*
[(the)-309 (meta-lock.)-309 (Then)-309 (it)-310 (w)10 (alks)-309 (the)-310 (queue)-309 (of)-309 (lock)-309 (records,)-309 (looking)-309 (for)-310 (threads)-309 (w)9 (aiting)-309 (for)-309 (noti\336ca-)]TJ
T*
[(tion\321ones)-324 (whose)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
7.5933 0 TD
(isWaitingForNotify)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
11.1242 0 TD
[(\336eld)-324 (is)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
3.0942 0 TD
(TRUE)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
2.4 0 TD
[(\321and)-324 (resetting)-324 (this)-325 (boolean)-324 (to)-324 (indi-)]TJ
-24.2117 -1.1667 TD
[(cate)-282 (that)-282 (the)15 (y)-282 (h)0 (a)20 (v)15 (e)-282 (been)-282 (noti\336ed.)-281 (The)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
15.3917 0 TD
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T*
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T*
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T*
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ET
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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(NULL)Tj
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[(because)-268 (uncontended)-268 (locking)-268 (is)-268 (most)-268 (frequent)-269 (\(separation)-268 (of)-268 (the)-269 (free-list)-268 (link)-268 (and)-268 (the)-268 (queue)-269 (link,)]TJ
T*
[(see)-267 (Figure)-250 (4,)-267 (allo)25 (ws)-266 (the)-267 (queue)-267 (\336eld)-266 (to)-267 (be)-267 (preset)-267 (to)]TJ
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[(\).)-267 (Lock)-267 (record)-267 (allocation)-267 (is)-266 (optimized)-266 (to)]TJ
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(NULL)Tj
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T*
[(retries)-317 (the)-317 (operation.)-318 (Threads)-316 (start)-317 (with)-318 (8)-317 (free)-318 (lock)-317 (records)-317 (and)-318 (add)-317 (an)-318 (e)16 (xponentially)-317 (increasing)]TJ
T*
[(number each time the)16 (y e)15 (xhaust the free list.)]TJ
0 -1.75 TD
[(When)-273 (a)-274 (thread)-273 (unlocks)-273 (an)-273 (object,)-273 (the)-273 (lock)-273 (record)-273 (used)-274 (by)-273 (the)-273 (thread)-273 (to)-273 (accomplish)-273 (the)-274 (locking)-272 (is)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
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T*
[(a)-234 (g)0 (i)25 (v)15 (en)-235 (thread)-234 (only)-234 (gro)25 (ws;)-235 (there)-234 (is)-235 (no)-235 (pro)15 (vision)-234 (for)-235 (remo)15 (ving)-234 (lock)-235 (records)-234 (from)-234 (a)-235 (thread\325)55 (s)-235 (free)-234 (list)]TJ
T*
[(if)-264 (the)-264 (thread)-263 (brie\337y)-264 (locks)-264 (man)15 (y)-264 (objects,)-264 (b)21 (u)0 (t)-264 (usually)-263 (locks)-264 (fe)25 (w)65 (.)-263 (This)-264 (is)-264 (not)-264 (so)-264 (bad;)-264 (the)-264 (\322high)-264 (w)10 (ater)]TJ
T*
[(mark\323)-321 (of)-320 (allocated)-321 (lock)-320 (records)-321 (is)-320 (limited)-320 (by)-321 (the)-321 (product)-320 (of)-321 (the)-320 (thread)-321 (stack)-321 (size)-321 (and)-320 (the)-320 (maxi-)]TJ
T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(e)15 (xpected)-357 (current)-357 (v)25 (alue)-357 (of)-358 (the)-357 (multi-use)-358 (w)10 (ord)-358 (\(pointer)-357 (to)-357 (same)-357 (lock)-358 (record,)-357 (queue)-358 (\336eld)-358 (bit)-357 (still)]TJ
T*
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[(state\),)-347 (and)-348 (the)-347 (desired)-348 (ne)25 (w)-347 (v)25 (alue)-347 (\(original)-347 (multi-use)-348 (bits,)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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0 -1.1667 TD
[(comings)-459 (of)-459 (our)-459 (simple)-460 (link)10 (ed-list)-459 (data)-459 (structure:)-459 (lack)-459 (of)-459 (f)11 (airness)-460 (and)-459 (long)-459 (searches)-459 (through)]TJ
T*
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20.535 0 TD
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2.465 0 TD
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(ence)-263 (to)-262 (a)15 (w)9 (ak)11 (ened)-263 (w)9 (aiters)-262 (without)-262 (searching.)-263 (Similarly)65 (,)]TJ
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22.3358 0 TD
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(for)-367 (each)-367 (of)-368 (the)-367 (three)-367 (queues.)-368 (T)80 (ail)-367 (pointers)-367 (also)-367 (allo)25 (w)]TJ
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T*
[(mentation)-286 (w)9 (a)0 (s)-287 (straightforw)11 (ard,)-287 (performance)-287 (turned)-287 (out)-287 (to)-287 (be)-287 (inferior)-287 (to)-287 (our)-287 (single-queue)-286 (system)]TJ
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[(.)-230 (First,)-230 (note)-230 (that)]TJ
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[(is)-248 (easily)-249 (simulated)-248 (using)]TJ
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[(:)-249 (repeatedly)-247 (read)-249 (the)-248 (memory)-248 (location)-249 (and)]TJ
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[(until)-248 (success.)]TJ
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[(operation,)-414 (or)-414 (some)-414 (other)-414 (suf)25 (\336ciently)-413 (po)25 (werful)-414 (primiti)25 (v)15 (e)-414 (such)-414 (as)-414 (\322load-lock)10 (ed/store-)]TJ
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[(conditional,)70 (\323)-423 (seem)-422 (to)-423 (be)-422 (a)20 (v)25 (ailable)-423 (on)-422 (most)-422 (modern)-422 (architectures,)-422 (including)-422 (mainstream)-422 (Intel,)]TJ
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[(UltraSP)92 (ARC\252, Po)26 (werPC, and Alpha microprocessors.)]TJ
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[(The)-296 (JVM)-296 (in)-295 (which)-296 (we)-296 (implemented)-296 (our)-295 (synchronization)-296 (must)-296 (run)-295 (on)-296 (the)-296 (pre)25 (vious)-295 (generation)-295 (of)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(SP)92 (ARC)-314 (processors,)-314 (which)-314 (has)]TJ
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[(.)-314 (While)-314 (correctness)-313 (cannot)-314 (be)-314 (com-)]TJ
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[(promised,)-251 (it)-251 (w)10 (a)0 (s)-251 (deemed)-251 (acceptable)-251 (to)-251 (trade)-252 (a)16 (w)9 (ay)-251 (some)-251 (performance)-251 (and)-251 (scalability)-250 (on)-252 (this)-251 (older)]TJ
T*
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(getMetaLock\(\))Tj
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[(to)-263 (use)-264 (a)-263 (test-and-set)-263 (protocol)-263 (\(where)-263 (\322set\323)-263 (means)]TJ
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[(sw)10 (apping)-311 (out)-311 (the)-311 (lock)10 (ed)-311 (v)25 (alue)-311 (1)-312 (and)-311 (\322test\323)-311 (means)-312 (obtaining)-311 (a)-311 (non-lock)10 (ed)-312 (v)25 (alue\).)-311 (When)-311 (the)-311 (test)]TJ
T*
[(f)10 (ails,)-368 (the)-370 (thread)-369 (yields)-369 (and)-369 (optionally)-369 (sleeps)-369 (\(using)-369 (e)16 (xponential)-369 (back-of)25 (f)-369 (a)0 (s)-369 (i)0 (n)-369 ([1]\).)-369 (The)-369 (corre-)]TJ
T*
(sponding)Tj
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10.4775 0 TD
[(operation)-277 (simply)-278 (stores)-278 (back)-278 (the)-277 (release)-277 (bit)-278 (pattern,)-277 (which)-278 (of)]TJ
-14.4225 -1.1667 TD
[(course must be dif)25 (ferent from the lock)10 (ed v)25 (alue 1.)]TJ
/N91 1 Tf
16 0 0 16 72 417.33 Tm
[(7 P)20 (erf)25 (ormance)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 72 394 Tm
[(Usually)65 (,)-373 (good)-373 (performance)-373 (is)-373 (tak)10 (en)-373 (to)-374 (mean)-373 (that)-373 (both)-373 (memory)-373 (and)-373 (CPUs)-373 (are)-374 (used)-373 (ef)25 (\336ciently)65 (.)]TJ
T*
[(Since)-289 (dif)25 (ferent)-289 (systems)-289 (must)-288 (mak)10 (e)-289 (space/time)-288 (trade-of)25 (fs)-289 (dif)25 (ferently)65 (,)-289 (w)0 (e)-288 (shall)-289 (consider)-288 (space)-288 (and)]TJ
T*
[(time)-393 (costs)-393 (for)-392 (our)-393 (synchronization)-392 (algorithm)-393 (separately)66 (.)-393 (All)-393 (our)-393 (measurements)-393 (were)-393 (collected)]TJ
T*
[(using)-256 (a)-257 (near)20 (-FCS)-257 (v)15 (ersion)-257 (of)-256 (EVM)-257 (on)-257 (a)-256 (lightly)-257 (loaded)-256 (4-CPU)-257 (296)-257 (MHz)-257 (UltraSP)92 (ARC)-256 (system)-256 (with)]TJ
T*
[(2)-284 (gigabytes)-284 (of)-284 (RAM)-284 (and)-284 (the)-285 (Solaris\252)-284 (2.6)-284 (operating)-284 (system.)-283 (Some)-284 (measurements)-284 (were)-284 (obtained)]TJ
T*
[(by)-302 (adding)-300 (counters)-302 (to)-301 (the)-301 (code.)-301 (T)80 (o)-302 (minimize)-301 (the)-301 (disturbance)-301 (resulting)-301 (from)-301 (the)-301 (instrumentation,)]TJ
T*
[(we used per)20 (-thread counters that were accumulated into global totals as threads e)17 (xited.)]TJ
/N91 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 72 277.67 Tm
(7.1 Benchmarks)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 72 253 Tm
[(T)80 (able)-250 (1)-235 (sho)26 (ws)-235 (the)-234 (benchmarks)-234 (we)-234 (use)-234 (to)-234 (assess)-234 (the)-235 (performance)-234 (of)-234 (our)-234 (synchronization)-234 (code.)-234 (The)]TJ
T*
[(HelloW)80 (orld)-491 (program)-491 (sho)25 (ws)-491 (ho)25 (w)-490 (the)-490 (minimal)-491 (program)-491 (beha)21 (v)15 (es.)-491 (The)-490 (ne)15 (xt)-491 (se)26 (v)15 (e)0 (n)-491 (lines)-491 (sho)25 (w)]TJ
T*
[(widely-kno)25 (wn)-370 (SPECjvm98)-370 (benchmarks)-370 ([26].)-371 (Finally)66 (,)-371 (w)0 (e)-371 (include)-370 (a)-371 (selection)-370 (of)-370 (multi-threaded)]TJ
T*
[(benchmarks,)-270 (some)-270 (of)-270 (which)-270 (perform)-271 (signi\336cant)-270 (amounts)-270 (of)-270 (I/O)-270 (and)-270 (some)-270 (of)-270 (which)-270 (use)-270 (graphics.)]TJ
T*
[(The e)15 (x)15 (ecution times in the table are best of tw)11 (o runs.)]TJ
/N91 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 72 164.67 Tm
[(7.2 Space perf)25 (ormance)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 72 140 Tm
[(W)80 (e)0 ( consider separately the space costs of)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
16.7758 0 TD
(used)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
1.8333 0 TD
( and)Tj
/N94 1 Tf
1.9442 0 TD
(unused)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
2.8325 0 TD
[( synchronization capability)65 (.)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
-23.3858 -1.75 TD
[(Cost)-271 (of)-270 (used)-271 (sync)15 (hr)45 (onization)-270 (capability:)-270 (the)-271 (cost)-271 (for)-270 (objects)-270 (that)-271 (ar)37 (e)-270 (actually)-271 (sync)15 (hr)45 (onized)-271 (upon.)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
0 -1.1667 TD
[(From)-243 (the)-243 (description)-242 (of)-244 (our)-243 (algorithm,)-242 (it)-243 (follo)25 (ws)-243 (that)-242 (this)-243 (space)-243 (cost)-242 (is)-243 (proportional)-243 (to)-243 (the)-243 (number)]TJ
T*
[(of)-371 (lock)-371 (records)-370 (in)-371 (use)-371 (at)-371 (an)15 (y)-371 (point)-371 (in)-371 (time.)-371 (More)-371 (precisely)65 (,)-371 (since)-371 (threads)-371 (rec)15 (ycle)-371 (lock)-370 (records)]TJ
T*
[(locally)-240 (rather)-240 (than)-240 (globally)65 (,)-240 (w)0 (e)-240 (report)-240 (the)-240 (number)-240 (of)-239 (lock)-240 (records)-239 (allocated)-240 (by)-241 (the)-240 (global)-240 (allocator)]TJ
ET
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0 0 612 792 RC
1 g
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1 i
0 0 612 792 re
f
BT
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
(19)Tj
-19 20.0692 TD
[(during)-334 (the)-334 (e)15 (x)15 (ecution)-334 (of)-334 (each)-335 (benchmark.)-333 (This)-334 (higher)-334 (number)-334 (re\337ects)-334 (our)-334 (implementation)-334 (more)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(accurately)65 (.)-314 (I)0 (n)-314 (the)-315 (w)10 (orst)-315 (case,)-314 (a)-315 (program)-314 (will)-314 (synchronize)-314 (on)-314 (e)25 (v)15 (ery)-315 (object)-314 (allocated)-315 (\(see)-314 (Section)]TJ
T*
[(2.2\),)-252 (making)-252 (the)-252 (w)10 (orst-case)-252 (space)-252 (cost)-251 (of)-252 (our)-252 (algorithm,)-252 (as)-252 (well)-251 (as)-252 (of)-252 (an)15 (y)-252 (other)-252 (algorithm)-252 (that)-252 (we)]TJ
T*
[(kno)25 (w)-235 (of,)-235 (proportional)-234 (to)-235 (the)-235 (size)-235 (of)-234 (the)-235 (heap.)-234 (F)15 (ortunately)65 (,)-235 (this)-235 (number)-235 (is)-235 (f)10 (a)0 (r)-235 (more)-235 (pessimistic)-235 (than)]TJ
T*
[(the)-242 (beha)20 (vior)-242 (typical)-243 (programs)-242 (e)15 (xhibit.)-243 (T)80 (able)-250 (2)-243 (sho)26 (ws)-243 (that)-242 (for)-242 (our)-243 (benchmarks,)-242 (the)-243 (total)-242 (number)-242 (of)]TJ
T*
[(lock)-225 (records)-225 (allocated)-225 (is)-225 (v)15 (ery)-225 (small,)-225 (and)-225 (pales)-225 (in)-225 (comparison)-225 (with)-225 (the)-225 (total)-225 (number)-226 (of)-224 (objects)-225 (allo-)]TJ
T*
[(cated.)-240 (Moreo)14 (v)15 (e)0 (r)40 (,)-240 (at)-240 (24)-240 (bytes)-241 (per)-240 (lock)-240 (record,)-240 (e)25 (v)15 (en)-240 (the)-240 (w)10 (orst)-240 (program)-240 (seen,)-240 (the)-240 (v)20 (olano)-240 (serv)15 (er)40 (,)-241 (con-)]TJ
T*
[(sumes)-337 (77)-336 (Kbytes)-336 (for)-336 (lock)-336 (records,)-336 (a)-336 (tri)25 (vial)-337 (amount)-336 (compared)-336 (with)-336 (the)-336 (se)25 (v)15 (eral)-336 (Mbytes)-337 (used)-336 (for)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(objects and thread stacks.)Tj
/N94 1 Tf
0 -1.75 TD
[(Cost)-272 (of)-272 (unused)-272 (sync)15 (hr)45 (onization)-272 (capability:)-272 (the)-272 (cost)-271 (for)-272 (objects)-272 (that)-271 (ar)37 (e)-272 (n)0 (e)15 (ver)-271 (sync)15 (hr)46 (onized)-272 (upon)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
38.75 0 TD
(.)Tj
-38.75 -1.1667 TD
[(This)-272 (cost,)-271 (in)-271 (our)-272 (meta-lock)-272 (scheme,)-272 (amounts)-271 (to)-272 (tw)10 (o)-272 (bits)-272 (per)-271 (object.)-272 (Ho)25 (we)25 (v)15 (e)0 (r)40 (,)-272 (an)-272 (alternati)26 (v)15 (e)-272 (vie)25 (w)]TJ
T*
[(is)-251 (that)-252 (the)-252 (cost)-251 (is)-251 (either)-252 (0)-252 (o)0 (r)-251 (1)-252 (w)10 (ord,)-251 (since)-252 (it)-251 (is)-252 (impractical)-251 (to)-252 (ha)20 (v)15 (e)-252 (objects)-251 (of)-252 (fractional)-251 (w)10 (ord)-252 (sizes)]TJ
T*
[(on)-417 (contemporary)-417 (hardw)11 (are.)-417 (Put)-417 (dif)25 (ferently)65 (,)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
18.3142 0 TD
(if)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
0.9725 0 TD
[(tw)10 (o)-417 (spare)-417 (bits)-417 (can)-417 (be)-417 (found)-417 (in)-417 (objects)-417 (without)]TJ
-19.2867 -1.1667 TD
[(increasing)-291 (object)-292 (sizes,)-291 (our)-291 (locking)-291 (algorithm)-292 (has)-291 (no)-291 (space)-291 (cost)-291 (for)-291 (objects)-291 (that)-292 (are)-291 (not)-291 (synchro-)]TJ
T*
[(nized)-309 (upon.)-308 (Otherwise,)-309 (if)-309 (\336nding)-308 (tw)10 (o)-309 (bits)-309 (requires)-309 (increasing)-308 (the)-309 (size)-309 (of)-309 (objects)-309 (by)-309 (a)-309 (full)-309 (w)10 (ord,)]TJ
9.5708 53.3333 TD
[(T)80 (able 1. Characterization of benchmark programs)]TJ
/N91 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 461.9 687.33 Tm
[(r)18 (eal time, seconds)]TJ
-38.926 -2.9 TD
[(Benchmark)-2573 (Description)-18031 ( #lines)]TJ
8 0 0 8 405.08 662.33 Tm
(a)Tj
10 0 0 10 415.81 658.33 Tm
[(#thr)18 (eads)]TJ
8 0 0 8 452.85 662.33 Tm
(b)Tj
10 0 0 10 469.64 670.33 Tm
(with)Tj
-0.943 -1.2 TD
(extrafast)Tj
4.314 1.2 TD
(without)Tj
-0.249 -1.2 TD
(extrafast)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
-42.822 -1.7 TD
[(Hello)-5351 (Hello w)10 (orld program)-17433 (5)-4004 (1)-2754 (0.7)-2875 (0.7)]TJ
T*
[(_201_compress)-1296 (LZW compression and decompression)-9453 (927)-4004 (1)-2254 (45.8)-2375 (46.0)]TJ
T*
[(_202_jess)-3573 (V)111 (ersion of N)35 (ASA)111 (\325)55 (s)0 ( CLIPS e)15 (xpert system shell)-5111 (10,579)-4004 (1)-2254 (22.3)-2375 (24.8)]TJ
T*
[(_209_db)-4073 (Search and modify a database)-12176 (1,028)-4004 (1)-2254 (72.1)-2375 (87.9)]TJ
T*
[(_213_ja)21 (v)25 (a)0 (c)-3009 (Source to bytecode compiler)-12147 (25,211)-4004 (1)-2254 (42.7)-2375 (48.9)]TJ
T*
[(_222_mpe)15 (g)6 (audio)-650 (Decompress audio \336le)-16202 (n/a)-4004 (1)-2254 (50.4)-2375 (51.3)]TJ
T*
[(_227_mtrt)-3406 (Multi-threaded image rendering)-11342 (3,799)-4004 (2)-2254 (13.2)-2375 (13.6)]TJ
T*
[(_228_jack)-3407 (P)16 (arser generator generating itself)-10887 (8,194)-4004 (1)-2254 (34.5)-2375 (38.0)]TJ
T*
[(_224_richards)-1852 (Fi)25 (v)16 (e)-247 (threads)-246 (running)-246 (multiple)-247 (v)15 (ersions)-246 (of)-246 (O/S)-247 (simulator)-1836 (3,637)-4004 (5)-2254 (17.3)-2375 (19.0)]TJ
T*
[(_233_tmix)-3239 (Thread mix: sort, crc, producer)19 (-consumer)40 (, primes, etc.)-2376 (8,194)-3504 (14)-2254 (28.8)-2375 (29.1)]TJ
T*
[(SwingMark)-2851 (Benchmark and test of swing libraries)-8925 (3,998)-4004 (8)-2254 (51.3)-2375 (51.5)]TJ
T*
[(v)21 (olano serv)14 (er)]TJ
8 0 0 8 126.43 458.33 Tm
(c)Tj
10 0 0 10 148.37 454.33 Tm
[(\322Chat serv)15 (er)41 (,)69 (\323)0 ( reads and distrib)21 (utes messages)-7072 (n/a)-3004 (406)]TJ
33.624 -0.85 TD
[(9.6)-2375 (10.3)]TJ
-41.197 -0.85 TD
[(v)21 (olano client)-2400 (Generates w)11 (ork-load to stress serv)13 (er)-10618 (n/a)-3004 (402)]TJ
0 -1.7 TD
(JWS)Tj
8 0 0 8 91.53 424.33 Tm
(d)Tj
10 0 0 10 148.37 420.33 Tm
[(Ja)21 (v)25 (a)0 ( W)80 (eb Serv)14 (er\252, serving 20,000 requests)-5531 (200,000)-3504 (63)-2254 (25.7)-2375 (27.3)]TJ
ET
0 G
2 J
0 j
0.36 w
3.86 M
[]0 d
203.63 410.15 m
77.64 410.15 l
S
BT
10 0 0 10 71.64 400.33 Tm
[(a.)-385 (Approximate lines of source code in the benchmark itself, e)14 (xcluding class library code.)]TJ
0 -1.5 TD
[(b)40 (.)-369 (Maximum)-327 (number)-327 (of)-327 (acti)25 (v)15 (e)-327 (threads,)-327 (e)15 (xcluding)-327 (three)-327 (system)-327 (threads)-327 (\(\336nalizer)40 (,)-327 (reference)-327 (handler)40 (,)-327 (and)-326 (signal)-327 (dis-)]TJ
1.079 -1.2 TD
[(patcher\).)-300 (All)-300 (SPEC)-300 (programs)-300 (actually)-300 (run)-300 (a)-300 (second)-300 (user)20 (-le)25 (v)15 (e)0 (l)-300 (thread)-300 (\(secondary)-300 (\336nalizer\))-300 (b)20 (u)0 (t)-300 (since)-300 (this)-299 (thread)-301 (is)]TJ
T*
[(v)14 (ery short-li)25 (v)16 (ed, we do not count it.)]TJ
-1.079 -1.5 TD
[(c.)-385 (V)129 (olanoMark v)14 (ersion 2.0.0 b)20 (uild 137 [22].)]TJ
T*
[(d.)-329 (http://www)64 (.sun.com/softw)11 (are/jwebserv)15 (er/inde)14 (x.html.)]TJ
ET
0 J
0.6 w
71.64 414.25 m
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147.37 413.75 m
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B*
373.17 413.75 m
373.17 681.25 l
B*
414.03 413.75 m
414.03 681.25 l
B*
459.07 413.75 m
459.07 697.75 l
B*
499.11 413.75 m
499.11 681.25 l
B*
540.36 414.25 m
540.36 697.75 l
B*
540.61 698 m
458.82 698 l
B*
540.61 681 m
71.39 681 l
B*
540.11 653.25 m
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B*
540.11 650.75 m
71.89 650.75 l
B*
540.11 636.25 m
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B*
540.11 633.75 m
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B*
540.61 618 m
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B*
540.61 601 m
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B*
540.61 584 m
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B*
540.61 567 m
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B*
540.61 550 m
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B*
540.61 533 m
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B*
540.11 517.25 m
71.89 517.25 l
B*
540.11 514.75 m
71.89 514.75 l
B*
540.61 499 m
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B*
540.61 482 m
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B*
540.61 465 m
71.39 465 l
B*
459.32 448 m
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B*
540.61 431 m
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B*
540.61 414 m
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B*
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0 0 612 792 RC
1 g
/N93 /ExtGState findRes gs
1 i
0 0 612 792 re
f
BT
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
(20)Tj
-19 30.0692 TD
[(then)-287 (a)-288 (dif)25 (ferent)-287 (synchronization)-287 (algorithm)-287 (that)-287 (tak)10 (es)-288 (adv)25 (antage)-287 (of)-287 (a)-288 (full)-287 (w)9 (ord)-287 (of)-287 (memory)-288 (should)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(\(probably\))-296 (be)-298 (used.)-297 (Thus,)-297 (it)-296 (can)-297 (be)-297 (ar)18 (gued,)-297 (our)-297 (algorithm)-297 (has)-297 (no)-297 (space)-296 (o)15 (v)15 (erhead)-297 (for)-296 (objects)-297 (that)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(are not synchronized upon.)Tj
/N91 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 72 334.67 Tm
[(7.3 T)18 (ime perf)26 (ormance)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 72 310 Tm
[(W)80 (e)-263 (study)-264 (time)-264 (performance)-263 (of)-264 (our)-264 (algorithm)-263 (in)-264 (tw)10 (o)-263 (w)10 (ays.)-264 (First,)-263 (we)-264 (compare)-263 (the)-264 (cost)-263 (of)-264 (synchro-)]TJ
T*
[(nization)-255 (in)-256 (our)-255 (system)-256 (with)-255 (that)-256 (of)-256 (the)-255 (original)-255 (JVM)-256 (found)-256 (in)-255 (the)-255 (\322JDK)-256 (1.2)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
30.2517 0 TD
[(Refer)37 (ence)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
4.2167 0 TD
[(Release)-256 (for)]TJ
-34.4683 -1.1667 TD
[(Solaris.)70 (\323)-298 (F)15 (or)-299 (this)-298 (study)65 (,)-298 (a)0 (s)-299 (e)15 (xplained)-297 (belo)25 (w)65 (,)-298 (we)-298 (use)-299 (synthetic)-298 (benchmarks.)-298 (Second,)-298 (we)-298 (study)-299 (the)]TJ
T*
[(beha)20 (vior)-310 (of)-310 (our)-310 (algorithm)-311 (on)-310 (the)-310 (more)-310 (realistic)-310 (programs)-310 (sho)25 (wn)-310 (in)-310 (T)80 (able)-250 (1.)-311 (W)80 (e)-310 (do)-310 (not)-310 (compare)]TJ
T*
[(the)-285 (absolute)-286 (performance)-286 (of)-285 (the)-285 (tw)9 (o)-285 (JVMs)-286 (since)-286 (the)15 (y)-286 (dif)25 (fer)-286 (in)-285 (man)15 (y)-286 (other)-286 (respects)-285 (than)-285 (the)-286 (syn-)]TJ
T*
(chronization code.)Tj
/N91 1 Tf
0 -2.3333 TD
[(7.3.1 T)18 (ime perf)26 (ormance comparison with the original JVM)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
0 -1.8333 TD
[(In)-314 (this)-314 (section)-314 (we)-314 (compare)-314 (the)-315 (speed)-314 (of)-314 (our)-314 (synchronization)-314 (algorithm)-314 (in)-314 (EVM,)-315 (using)-315 (the)-314 (e)15 (xtra)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(f)10 (ast)-239 (e)15 (xtension,)-239 (with)-240 (that)-239 (of)-239 (the)-240 (monitor)-239 (cache)-240 (approach)-240 (in)-239 (the)-240 (original)-239 (JVM.)-240 (T)80 (o)-240 (measure)-239 (the)-239 (speed)]TJ
T*
[(of)-280 (synchronization)-281 (rather)-280 (than)-280 (the)-280 (speed)-280 (of)-281 (conte)15 (xt)-280 (switching)-281 (pro)16 (vided)-280 (by)-281 (the)-280 (underlying)-281 (operat-)]TJ
T*
[(ing)-248 (system,)-248 (we)-247 (use)-248 (programs)-248 (that)-247 (primarily)-248 (do)-247 (uncontended)-248 (synchronization.)-247 (Section)-248 (6.3.2)-247 (sho)25 (ws)]TJ
T*
[(that)-259 (contention)-259 (is)-259 (relati)25 (v)14 (ely)-259 (infrequent)-259 (for)-259 (typical)-259 (Ja)20 (v)25 (a)-258 (programs,)-259 (justifying)-258 (this)-259 (approach,)-259 (at)-259 (least)]TJ
T*
(in part.)Tj
0 -1.75 TD
[(Ideally)65 (,)-325 (w)0 (e)-324 (w)10 (ould)-324 (compare)-324 (dif)24 (ferent)-324 (synchronization)-324 (algorithms)-324 (directly)-324 (by)-324 (implementing)-325 (them)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(as)-298 (alternati)26 (v)15 (e)0 (s)-297 (i)0 (n)-298 (the)-297 (same)-297 (virtual)-297 (machine.)-298 (In)-297 (our)-298 (case,)-297 (ho)25 (we)25 (v)15 (e)0 (r)40 (,)-297 (this)-297 (approach)-297 (w)9 (a)0 (s)-297 (impractical.)]TJ
T*
[(First,)-308 (the)-307 (implementation)-307 (ef)25 (fort)-307 (is)-307 (non-tri)25 (vial.)-307 (Second,)-307 (an)-308 (algorithm)-307 (added)-307 (quickly)-307 (to)-307 (a)-308 (JVM)-307 (for)]TJ
3.7517 53.4167 TD
[(T)79 (able 2. Objects allocated, objects synchronized on, and lock records all\
ocated)]TJ
/N91 1 Tf
10 0 0 10 141.62 687.33 Tm
[(Benchmark)-5556 (# objects)-2691 (# objs sync\325ed on)-1574 (# lock r)18 (ecords)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
0 -1.7 TD
[(Hello)-11867 (2,076)-2970 (262)-250 ( \(12.6%\))-7218 (40)]TJ
T*
[(_201_compress)-7812 (8,917)-2970 (936)-250 ( \(10.5%\))-7218 (40)]TJ
T*
[(_202_jess)-8339 (7,934,141)-2720 (6,545)-250 ( \(0.1%\))-7218 (40)]TJ
T*
[(_209_db)-8839 (3,213,429)-2220 (17,123)-500 (\(0.5%\))-7218 (40)]TJ
T*
[(_213_ja)20 (v)25 (a)0 (c)-7774 (5,912,859)-1720 (351,538)-500 (\(5.9%\))-7218 (40)]TJ
T*
[(_222_mpe)15 (gaudio)-6665 (12,009)-3470 (994)-250 ( \(8.3%\))-7218 (40)]TJ
T*
[(_227_mtrt)-8172 (6,641,320)-2720 (1,195)-500 (\(0.0%\))-7218 (60)]TJ
T*
[(_228_jack)-8173 (6,841,290)-1720 (506,157)-250 ( \(7.4%\))-7218 (40)]TJ
T*
[(_224_richards)-7868 (36,065)-2720 (1,878)-500 (\(5.2%\))-7218 (80)]TJ
T*
[(_233_tmix)-8005 (1,366,985)-1220 (169,823)-250 ( \(12.4%\))-6718 (140)]TJ
T*
[(SwingMark)-7617 (2,345,281)-2220 (69,245)-500 (\(3.0%\))-6718 (100)]TJ
T*
[(v)20 (olano serv)15 (er)-7709 (140,335)-2720 (6,334)-500 (\(4.5%\))-5968 (3,280)]TJ
T*
[(v)20 (olano client)-7915 (661,199)-2720 (3,643)-500 (\(0.6%\))-5968 (3,240)]TJ
T*
[(JWS)-10450 (1,336,170)-1970 (258,960)-500 (\(19%\))-6718 (540)]TJ
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B*
307.01 442.75 m
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B*
389.2 442.75 m
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B*
471.38 443.25 m
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B*
471.63 698 m
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B*
471.13 682.25 m
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B*
471.13 679.75 m
140.87 679.75 l
B*
471.13 665.25 m
140.87 665.25 l
B*
471.13 662.75 m
140.87 662.75 l
B*
471.63 647 m
140.37 647 l
B*
471.63 630 m
140.37 630 l
B*
471.63 613 m
140.37 613 l
B*
471.63 596 m
140.37 596 l
B*
471.63 579 m
140.37 579 l
B*
471.63 562 m
140.37 562 l
B*
471.13 546.25 m
140.87 546.25 l
B*
471.13 543.75 m
140.87 543.75 l
B*
471.63 528 m
140.37 528 l
B*
471.63 511 m
140.37 511 l
B*
471.63 494 m
140.37 494 l
B*
471.63 477 m
140.37 477 l
B*
471.63 460 m
140.37 460 l
B*
471.63 443 m
140.37 443 l
B*
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1 g
/N93 /ExtGState findRes gs
1 i
0 0 612 792 re
f
BT
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
(21)Tj
-19 36.1108 TD
[(the)-239 (purpose)-240 (of)-239 (measuring)-239 (will)-239 (be)-239 (at)-240 (an)-238 (inherent)-239 (disadv)25 (antage)-239 (compared)-238 (with)-239 (an)-239 (algorithm)-238 (that)-239 (has)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(been)-260 (tuned)-260 (with)-260 (the)-260 (rest)-260 (of)-260 (the)-260 (system)-260 (o)15 (v)15 (e)0 (r)-260 (a)-260 (long)-259 (period.)-261 (Third,)-260 (it)-261 (may)-260 (be)-260 (technically)-260 (impossible)]TJ
T*
[(to)-339 (k)10 (eep)-339 (all)-339 (other)-340 (f)10 (actors)-339 (constant,)-339 (since)-339 (each)-340 (algorithm)-339 (may)-340 (tak)10 (e)-339 (adv)26 (antage)-340 (of)-339 (features)-339 (that)-340 (the)]TJ
T*
[(other)-230 (one)-229 (does)-230 (not)-229 (use)-229 (\(e.g.,)-230 (the)-230 (monitor)-229 (cache)-230 (w)10 (orks)-230 (best)-230 (in)-229 (the)-230 (presence)-230 (of)-229 (handles\).)-229 (Since)-230 (EVM)]TJ
T*
[(and)-235 (the)-235 (original)-235 (JVM)-235 (dif)25 (fer)-236 (in)-235 (man)15 (y)-236 (respects,)-235 (comparing)-235 (bottom-line)-235 (performance)-235 (does)-235 (not)-235 (re)25 (v)15 (eal)]TJ
T*
[(much)-585 (about)-584 (the)-585 (tw)10 (o)-584 (systems\325)-584 (synchronization)-584 (code.)-584 (F)15 (ortunately)65 (,)-584 (a)-584 (dif)25 (ferent)-585 (measurement)]TJ
T*
[(approach)-250 (can)-250 (gi)25 (v)15 (e)-250 (us)-250 (the)-250 (information)-250 (we)-251 (w)10 (ant.)-250 (Consider)-250 (a)-250 (program)-1361 (that)-251 (performs)-250 (synchroniza-)]TJ
T*
[(tion.)-285 (Construct)-285 (the)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
7.7725 0 TD
(baseline)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
3.6183 0 TD
[(program)-1146 (,)-285 (which)-285 (is)-285 (just)-285 (lik)10 (e)-1147 (,)-285 (e)15 (xcept)-285 (that)-285 (all)-285 (synchronization)-285 (has)]TJ
-11.3908 -1.1667 TD
[(been)-275 (stripped)-275 (out.)-276 (The)-276 (dif)25 (ference)-275 (in)-275 (e)15 (x)15 (ecution)-276 (time,)-13274 (,)-276 (re\337ects)-276 (the)]TJ
T*
[(cost)-273 (of)-274 (synchronization.)-273 (Computing)-4229 (for)-273 (EVM)-274 (and)-273 (the)-273 (original)-274 (JVM)-273 (gi)26 (v)15 (e)0 (s)-274 (numbers)-273 (that)]TJ
T*
0 Tw
(can be compared.)Tj
0 -1.75 TD
[(The)-369 (main)-370 (limitation)-369 (of)-369 (this)-369 (approach)-369 (is)-370 (that)-369 (real)-369 (programs)-369 (usually)-368 (rely)-370 (on)-369 (synchronization)-369 (for)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(their)-256 (correct)-256 (e)15 (x)15 (ecution,)-256 (so)-257 (to)-256 (ensure)-256 (that)-257 (the)-256 (presence)-256 (or)-256 (absence)-256 (of)-256 (synchronization)-256 (does)-257 (not)-256 (oth-)]TJ
T*
[(erwise)-302 (af)25 (fect)-301 (the)-302 (computation,)-301 (we)-302 (limit)-302 (our)-302 (study)-301 (to)-302 (synthetic)-301 (benchmarks.)-302 (T)80 (o)-302 (this)-302 (end,)-302 (we)-302 (con-)]TJ
T*
[(structed)-230 (a)-230 (set)-230 (of)-230 (simple)-230 (benchmarks:)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
14.7108 0 TD
(SyncMethod)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
5.1733 0 TD
[(calls)-229 (a)-230 (synchronized)-230 (method;)]TJ
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(SyncStmt)Tj
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[(e)15 (x)15 (ecutes)]TJ
-35.5867 -1.1667 TD
[(a)-309 (synchronized)-309 (statement;)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
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(RecSyncMethod)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
6.7517 0 TD
[(calls)-309 (tw)10 (o)-310 (nested)-309 (synchronized)-309 (methods)-310 (on)-309 (an)-310 (object;)]TJ
-17.5675 -1.1667 TD
(and)Tj
/N94 1 Tf
1.7867 0 TD
(RecSyncStmt)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
5.5075 0 TD
[(e)15 (x)15 (ecutes)-343 (a)-343 (pair)-343 (of)-342 (nested)-343 (synchronized)-342 (statements)-343 (on)-342 (an)-343 (object.)-343 (The)-342 (\336rst)-343 (tw)10 (o)]TJ
-7.2942 -1.1667 TD
[(benchmarks)-235 (measure)-235 (the)-235 (cost)-236 (of)-235 (a)-235 (non-recursi)25 (v)15 (e)-235 (lock/unlock)-235 (pair)41 (,)-236 (and)-235 (the)-235 (second)-235 (tw)11 (o)-236 (measure)-235 (the)]TJ
T*
[(sum)-250 (of)-250 (the)-250 (costs)-250 (of)-250 (a)-250 (non-recursi)25 (v)15 (e)-250 (and)-251 (recursi)25 (v)15 (e)-250 (lock/unlock)-250 (pair)55 (.)-250 (Each)-251 (benchmark)-250 (completes)-250 (10)]TJ
T*
[(million)-239 (iterations,)-239 (c)15 (ycling)-238 (through)-239 (an)-238 (array)-239 (of)-239 (length)]TJ
/N94 1 Tf
21.1442 0 TD
(N)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
0.9058 0 TD
[(to)-239 (select)-239 (the)-239 (objects)-239 (to)-239 (synchronize)-239 (on.)-238 (W)80 (e)]TJ
-22.05 -1.1667 TD
(let)Tj
/N94 1 Tf
1.2933 0 TD
(N)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
0.96 0 TD
[(range)-294 (from)-293 (1)-293 (t)0 (o)-294 (512K)-293 (and)-293 (plot)-293 (the)-294 (cost)-293 (per)-293 (iterations;)-293 (see)-294 (Figure)-250 (10.)-293 (As)-293 (one)-293 (w)10 (ould)-294 (e)15 (xpect,)]TJ
-2.2533 -1.1667 TD
[(the)-380 (meta-locking)-380 (scheme)-380 (deli)25 (v)15 (ers)-380 (unchanged)-380 (performance)-379 (re)15 (gardless)-380 (of)-380 (the)-380 (number)-380 (of)-379 (objects)]TJ
T*
[(synchronized)-288 (upon)-288 (whereas)-287 (the)-288 (monitor)-288 (cache)-288 (approach)-288 (suf)25 (fers)-288 (an)-288 (increasing)-288 (slo)25 (wdo)25 (wn,)-288 (despite)]TJ
T*
[(the)-325 (f)10 (act)-324 (that)-325 (in)-324 (all)-324 (of)-324 (these)-324 (tests,)-324 (no)-324 (more)-324 (than)-324 (one)-324 (object)-324 (is)-325 (lock)10 (ed)-324 (at)-325 (an)16 (y)-324 (time.)-324 (The)-324 (graph)-325 (also)]TJ
T*
[(sho)25 (ws)-271 (that)-272 (the)-270 (absolute)-272 (cost)-271 (of)-271 (a)-271 (synchronization)-271 (operation)-271 (in)-271 (EVM)-271 (is)-270 (al)10 (w)10 (ays)-271 (signi\336cantly)-271 (lo)25 (wer)]TJ
T*
[(than)-313 (in)-313 (the)-313 (original)-313 (JVM.)-313 (F)15 (o)0 (r)-313 (e)15 (xample,)-312 (a)-313 (non-recursi)26 (v)15 (e)-313 (synchronized)-313 (method)-312 (call,)-313 (the)-313 (most)-312 (fre-)]TJ
T*
[(quent)-276 (form)-277 (of)-277 (synchronization,)-276 (e)15 (x)15 (ecutes)-277 (in)-277 (about)-276 (220)-277 (ns)-277 (on)-277 (EVM)-276 (b)20 (u)0 (t)-277 (tak)10 (es)-277 (550)-277 (ns)-277 (to)-276 (1500)-277 (ns)-277 (on)]TJ
T*
(the original JVM.)Tj
/N94 1 Tf
27.1967 25.0833 TD
(P)Tj
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(P)Tj
ET
0 G
2 J
0 j
0.6 w
3.86 M
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259.9 380.24 m
254.97 380.24 l
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[(sync)-404 (P)]TJ
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(\(\))Tj
/N94 1 Tf
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[(time)-405 (P)]TJ
/N96 1 Tf
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0.753 Tc
(\(\))Tj
/N94 1 Tf
2.4183 0 TD
0.059 Tc
[(time)-405 (P)]TJ
/N96 1 Tf
1.9583 0 TD
0.753 Tc
(\(\))Tj
/N92 1 Tf
-2.7083 0 TD
0 Tc
(\320)Tj
-4.69 0 TD
(=)Tj
ET
473.02 366.24 m
468.08 366.24 l
S
BT
/N94 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 249.12 341.5 Tm
0.059 Tc
[(sync)-404 (P)]TJ
/N96 1 Tf
2.0133 0 TD
0.753 Tc
(\(\))Tj
/N92 1 Tf
0 9 -9 0 93.5 568.5 Tm
0 Tc
(Synchronization cost per iteration \(ns\))Tj
9 0 0 9 211.5 546.5 Tm
(Number of objects \()Tj
/N94 1 Tf
8.0256 0 TD
(N)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
0.6678 0 TD
(\))Tj
ET
1 g
96.5 716.5 442 -160 re
f*
1 J
1 j
0.7 w
122.5 570.5 m
374.5 570.5 l
122.5 570.5 m
122.5 565.5 l
135.763 570.5 m
135.763 568.5 l
143.522 570.5 m
143.522 568.5 l
149.026 570.5 m
149.026 568.5 l
153.296 570.5 m
153.296 568.5 l
156.785 570.5 m
156.785 568.5 l
159.734 570.5 m
159.734 568.5 l
162.289 570.5 m
162.289 568.5 l
164.543 570.5 m
164.543 568.5 l
166.559 570.5 m
166.559 565.5 l
179.822 570.5 m
179.822 568.5 l
187.581 570.5 m
187.581 568.5 l
193.086 570.5 m
193.086 568.5 l
197.355 570.5 m
197.355 568.5 l
200.844 570.5 m
200.844 568.5 l
203.794 570.5 m
203.794 568.5 l
206.349 570.5 m
206.349 568.5 l
208.602 570.5 m
208.602 568.5 l
210.618 570.5 m
210.618 565.5 l
223.882 570.5 m
223.882 568.5 l
231.64 570.5 m
231.64 568.5 l
237.145 570.5 m
237.145 568.5 l
241.415 570.5 m
241.415 568.5 l
244.903 570.5 m
244.903 568.5 l
247.853 570.5 m
247.853 568.5 l
250.408 570.5 m
250.408 568.5 l
252.662 570.5 m
252.662 568.5 l
254.678 570.5 m
254.678 565.5 l
267.941 570.5 m
267.941 568.5 l
275.699 570.5 m
275.699 568.5 l
281.204 570.5 m
281.204 568.5 l
285.474 570.5 m
285.474 568.5 l
288.963 570.5 m
288.963 568.5 l
291.912 570.5 m
291.912 568.5 l
294.467 570.5 m
294.467 568.5 l
296.721 570.5 m
296.721 568.5 l
298.737 570.5 m
298.737 565.5 l
312 570.5 m
312 568.5 l
319.759 570.5 m
319.759 568.5 l
325.263 570.5 m
325.263 568.5 l
329.533 570.5 m
329.533 568.5 l
333.022 570.5 m
333.022 568.5 l
335.971 570.5 m
335.971 568.5 l
338.526 570.5 m
338.526 568.5 l
340.78 570.5 m
340.78 568.5 l
342.796 570.5 m
342.796 565.5 l
356.059 570.5 m
356.059 568.5 l
363.818 570.5 m
363.818 568.5 l
369.323 570.5 m
369.323 568.5 l
373.592 570.5 m
373.592 568.5 l
S
BT
/N97 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 120.25 557.1 Tm
0 g
[(1)-4145 (1)0 (0)-3646 (100)-3146 (1000)-2646 (10000)-2146 (100000)]TJ
ET
122.5 570.5 m
122.5 714.5 l
122.5 570.5 m
117.5 570.5 l
122.5 575.264 m
120.5 575.264 l
122.5 580.028 m
120.5 580.028 l
122.5 584.792 m
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122.5 589.556 m
120.5 589.556 l
122.5 594.32 m
120.5 594.32 l
122.5 599.084 m
120.5 599.084 l
122.5 603.848 m
120.5 603.848 l
122.5 608.612 m
120.5 608.612 l
122.5 613.376 m
120.5 613.376 l
122.5 618.14 m
117.5 618.14 l
122.5 622.904 m
120.5 622.904 l
122.5 627.667 m
120.5 627.667 l
122.5 632.431 m
120.5 632.431 l
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120.5 637.195 l
122.5 641.959 m
120.5 641.959 l
122.5 646.723 m
120.5 646.723 l
122.5 651.487 m
120.5 651.487 l
122.5 656.251 m
120.5 656.251 l
122.5 661.015 m
120.5 661.015 l
122.5 665.779 m
117.5 665.779 l
122.5 670.543 m
120.5 670.543 l
122.5 675.307 m
120.5 675.307 l
122.5 680.071 m
120.5 680.071 l
122.5 684.835 m
120.5 684.835 l
122.5 689.599 m
120.5 689.599 l
122.5 694.363 m
120.5 694.363 l
122.5 699.127 m
120.5 699.127 l
122.5 703.891 m
120.5 703.891 l
122.5 708.655 m
120.5 708.655 l
122.5 713.419 m
117.5 713.419 l
S
BT
9 0 0 9 110 567.8 Tm
(0)Tj
-1.4999 5.2933 TD
(1000)Tj
T*
(2000)Tj
T*
(3000)Tj
ET
122.5 659.6 m
135.763 657.328 l
149.026 660.339 l
162.289 678.299 l
175.553 695.158 l
188.816 698.555 l
202.079 701.423 l
215.342 713.924 l
228.605 711.975 l
241.868 713.219 l
255.132 713.414 l
268.395 712.818 l
281.658 713.933 l
294.921 713.314 l
308.184 714.5 l
321.447 713.547 l
334.711 713.642 l
347.974 708.497 l
361.237 711.623 l
374.5 711.032 l
S
124.52 659.58 m
124.52 660.684 123.624 661.58 122.52 661.58 c
121.416 661.58 120.52 660.684 120.52 659.58 c
120.52 658.476 121.416 657.58 122.52 657.58 c
123.624 657.58 124.52 658.476 124.52 659.58 c
B
137.78 657.3 m
137.78 658.404 136.884 659.3 135.78 659.3 c
134.676 659.3 133.78 658.404 133.78 657.3 c
133.78 656.196 134.676 655.3 135.78 655.3 c
136.884 655.3 137.78 656.196 137.78 657.3 c
B
151.04 660.3 m
151.04 661.404 150.144 662.3 149.04 662.3 c
147.936 662.3 147.04 661.404 147.04 660.3 c
147.04 659.196 147.936 658.3 149.04 658.3 c
150.144 658.3 151.04 659.196 151.04 660.3 c
B
164.3 678.3 m
164.3 679.404 163.404 680.3 162.3 680.3 c
161.196 680.3 160.3 679.404 160.3 678.3 c
160.3 677.196 161.196 676.3 162.3 676.3 c
163.404 676.3 164.3 677.196 164.3 678.3 c
B
177.56 695.16 m
177.56 696.264 176.664 697.16 175.56 697.16 c
174.456 697.16 173.56 696.264 173.56 695.16 c
173.56 694.056 174.456 693.16 175.56 693.16 c
176.664 693.16 177.56 694.056 177.56 695.16 c
B
190.82 698.58 m
190.82 699.684 189.924 700.58 188.82 700.58 c
187.716 700.58 186.82 699.684 186.82 698.58 c
186.82 697.476 187.716 696.58 188.82 696.58 c
189.924 696.58 190.82 697.476 190.82 698.58 c
B
204.08 701.46 m
204.08 702.564 203.184 703.46 202.08 703.46 c
200.976 703.46 200.08 702.564 200.08 701.46 c
200.08 700.356 200.976 699.46 202.08 699.46 c
203.184 699.46 204.08 700.356 204.08 701.46 c
B
217.34 713.94 m
217.34 715.044 216.444 715.94 215.34 715.94 c
214.236 715.94 213.34 715.044 213.34 713.94 c
213.34 712.836 214.236 711.94 215.34 711.94 c
216.444 711.94 217.34 712.836 217.34 713.94 c
B
230.6 711.96 m
230.6 713.064 229.704 713.96 228.6 713.96 c
227.496 713.96 226.6 713.064 226.6 711.96 c
226.6 710.856 227.496 709.96 228.6 709.96 c
229.704 709.96 230.6 710.856 230.6 711.96 c
B
243.86 713.22 m
243.86 714.324 242.964 715.22 241.86 715.22 c
240.756 715.22 239.86 714.324 239.86 713.22 c
239.86 712.116 240.756 711.22 241.86 711.22 c
242.964 711.22 243.86 712.116 243.86 713.22 c
B
257.12 713.4 m
257.12 714.504 256.224 715.4 255.12 715.4 c
254.016 715.4 253.12 714.504 253.12 713.4 c
253.12 712.296 254.016 711.4 255.12 711.4 c
256.224 711.4 257.12 712.296 257.12 713.4 c
B
270.38 712.8 m
270.38 713.904 269.484 714.8 268.38 714.8 c
267.276 714.8 266.38 713.904 266.38 712.8 c
266.38 711.696 267.276 710.8 268.38 710.8 c
269.484 710.8 270.38 711.696 270.38 712.8 c
B
283.64 713.94 m
283.64 715.044 282.744 715.94 281.64 715.94 c
280.536 715.94 279.64 715.044 279.64 713.94 c
279.64 712.836 280.536 711.94 281.64 711.94 c
282.744 711.94 283.64 712.836 283.64 713.94 c
B
296.96 713.34 m
296.96 714.444 296.064 715.34 294.96 715.34 c
293.856 715.34 292.96 714.444 292.96 713.34 c
292.96 712.236 293.856 711.34 294.96 711.34 c
296.064 711.34 296.96 712.236 296.96 713.34 c
B
310.16 714.48 m
310.16 715.584 309.264 716.48 308.16 716.48 c
307.056 716.48 306.16 715.584 306.16 714.48 c
306.16 713.376 307.056 712.48 308.16 712.48 c
309.264 712.48 310.16 713.376 310.16 714.48 c
B
323.48 713.58 m
323.48 714.684 322.584 715.58 321.48 715.58 c
320.376 715.58 319.48 714.684 319.48 713.58 c
319.48 712.476 320.376 711.58 321.48 711.58 c
322.584 711.58 323.48 712.476 323.48 713.58 c
B
336.68 713.64 m
336.68 714.744 335.784 715.64 334.68 715.64 c
333.576 715.64 332.68 714.744 332.68 713.64 c
332.68 712.536 333.576 711.64 334.68 711.64 c
335.784 711.64 336.68 712.536 336.68 713.64 c
B
350 708.48 m
350 709.584 349.104 710.48 348 710.48 c
346.896 710.48 346 709.584 346 708.48 c
346 707.376 346.896 706.48 348 706.48 c
349.104 706.48 350 707.376 350 708.48 c
B
363.2 711.66 m
363.2 712.764 362.304 713.66 361.2 713.66 c
360.096 713.66 359.2 712.764 359.2 711.66 c
359.2 710.556 360.096 709.66 361.2 709.66 c
362.304 709.66 363.2 710.556 363.2 711.66 c
B
376.52 711.06 m
376.52 712.164 375.624 713.06 374.52 713.06 c
373.416 713.06 372.52 712.164 372.52 711.06 c
372.52 709.956 373.416 709.06 374.52 709.06 c
375.624 709.06 376.52 709.956 376.52 711.06 c
B
122.5 624.561 m
135.763 626.334 l
149.026 626.191 l
162.289 644.098 l
175.553 656.442 l
188.816 662.301 l
202.079 661.063 l
215.342 672.11 l
228.605 674.073 l
241.868 673.454 l
255.132 673.497 l
268.395 674.621 l
281.658 673.254 l
294.921 673.13 l
308.184 673.42 l
321.447 672.901 l
334.711 672.977 l
347.974 669.524 l
361.237 671.772 l
374.5 672.577 l
S
120.5 622.561 4 4 re
B
133.763 624.334 4 4 re
B
147.026 624.191 4 4 re
B
160.289 642.098 4 4 re
B
173.553 654.442 4 4 re
B
186.816 660.301 4 4 re
B
200.079 659.063 4 4 re
B
213.342 670.11 4 4 re
B
226.605 672.073 4 4 re
B
239.868 671.454 4 4 re
B
253.132 671.497 4 4 re
B
266.395 672.621 4 4 re
B
279.658 671.254 4 4 re
B
292.921 671.13 4 4 re
B
306.184 671.42 4 4 re
B
319.447 670.901 4 4 re
B
332.711 670.977 4 4 re
B
345.974 667.524 4 4 re
B
359.237 669.772 4 4 re
B
372.5 670.577 4 4 re
B
122.5 611.246 m
135.763 611.051 l
149.026 612.752 l
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175.553 642.564 l
188.816 648.457 l
202.079 651.23 l
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120.5 609.246 m
124.5 613.246 l
120.5 613.246 m
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133.763 609.051 m
137.763 613.051 l
133.763 613.051 m
137.763 609.051 l
147.026 610.752 m
151.026 614.752 l
147.026 614.752 m
151.026 610.752 l
160.289 636.367 m
164.289 640.367 l
160.289 640.367 m
164.289 636.367 l
173.553 640.564 m
177.553 644.564 l
173.553 644.564 m
177.553 640.564 l
186.816 646.457 m
190.816 650.457 l
186.816 650.457 m
190.816 646.457 l
200.079 649.23 m
204.079 653.23 l
200.079 653.23 m
204.079 649.23 l
213.342 659.649 m
217.342 663.649 l
213.342 663.649 m
217.342 659.649 l
226.605 661.126 m
230.605 665.126 l
226.605 665.126 m
230.605 661.126 l
239.868 660.063 m
243.868 664.063 l
239.868 664.063 m
243.868 660.063 l
253.132 660.935 m
257.132 664.935 l
253.132 664.935 m
257.132 660.935 l
266.395 660.692 m
270.395 664.692 l
266.395 664.692 m
270.395 660.692 l
279.658 661.33 m
283.658 665.33 l
279.658 665.33 m
283.658 661.33 l
292.921 660.806 m
296.921 664.806 l
292.921 664.806 m
296.921 660.806 l
306.184 660.754 m
310.184 664.754 l
306.184 664.754 m
310.184 660.754 l
319.447 660.582 m
323.447 664.583 l
319.447 664.583 m
323.447 660.582 l
332.711 660.006 m
336.711 664.006 l
332.711 664.006 m
336.711 660.006 l
345.974 658.043 m
349.974 662.043 l
345.974 662.043 m
349.974 658.043 l
359.237 662.121 m
363.237 666.121 l
359.237 666.121 m
363.237 662.121 l
372.5 661.492 m
376.5 665.492 l
372.5 665.492 m
376.5 661.492 l
122.5 596.664 m
135.763 596.807 l
149.026 596.416 l
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175.553 627.363 l
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215.342 643.465 l
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321.447 642.812 l
334.711 642.722 l
347.974 641.926 l
361.237 641.864 l
374.5 641.612 l
S
124.5 594.664 m
122.5 598.664 l
120.5 594.664 l
b
137.763 594.807 m
135.763 598.807 l
133.763 594.807 l
b
151.026 594.416 m
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147.026 594.416 l
b
164.289 613.467 m
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160.289 613.467 l
b
177.553 625.363 m
175.553 629.363 l
173.553 625.363 l
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188.816 633.264 l
186.816 629.264 l
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202.079 634.45 l
200.079 630.45 l
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217.342 641.465 m
215.342 645.465 l
213.342 641.465 l
b
230.605 640.255 m
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226.605 640.255 l
b
243.868 640.536 m
241.868 644.536 l
239.868 640.536 l
b
257.132 641.16 m
255.132 645.16 l
253.132 641.16 l
b
270.395 640.498 m
268.395 644.498 l
266.395 640.498 l
b
283.658 640.359 m
281.658 644.359 l
279.658 640.359 l
b
296.921 640.398 m
294.921 644.398 l
292.921 640.398 l
b
310.184 641.074 m
308.184 645.074 l
306.184 641.074 l
b
323.447 640.812 m
321.447 644.812 l
319.447 640.812 l
b
336.711 640.722 m
334.711 644.722 l
332.711 640.722 l
b
349.974 639.926 m
347.974 643.926 l
345.974 639.926 l
b
363.237 639.864 m
361.237 643.864 l
359.237 639.864 l
b
376.5 639.612 m
374.5 643.612 l
372.5 639.612 l
b
122.5 596.602 m
135.763 596.749 l
149.026 596.749 l
162.289 596.716 l
175.553 596.64 l
188.816 596.468 l
202.079 596.43 l
215.342 596.726 l
228.605 596.54 l
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334.711 584.811 l
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374.5 584.849 l
120.5 585.021 m
124.5 585.021 l
122.5 583.021 m
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133.763 584.778 m
137.763 584.778 l
135.763 582.778 m
135.763 586.778 l
147.026 584.949 m
151.026 584.949 l
149.026 582.949 m
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160.289 584.978 m
164.289 584.978 l
162.289 582.978 m
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173.553 584.52 m
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175.553 582.52 m
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186.816 584.668 m
190.816 584.668 l
188.816 582.668 m
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200.079 584.74 m
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213.342 584.963 m
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215.342 582.963 m
215.342 586.963 l
226.605 584.406 m
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228.605 582.406 m
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239.868 585.021 m
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241.868 583.021 m
241.868 587.021 l
253.132 584.725 m
257.132 584.725 l
255.132 582.725 m
255.132 586.725 l
266.395 584.897 m
270.395 584.897 l
268.395 582.897 m
268.395 586.897 l
279.658 585.044 m
283.658 585.044 l
281.658 583.044 m
281.658 587.044 l
292.921 585.073 m
296.921 585.073 l
294.921 583.073 m
294.921 587.073 l
306.184 584.906 m
310.184 584.906 l
308.184 582.906 m
308.184 586.906 l
319.447 584.787 m
323.447 584.787 l
321.447 582.787 m
321.447 586.787 l
332.711 584.811 m
336.711 584.811 l
334.711 582.811 m
334.711 586.811 l
345.974 584.463 m
349.974 584.463 l
347.974 582.463 m
347.974 586.463 l
359.237 584.72 m
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361.237 582.72 m
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372.5 584.849 m
376.5 584.849 l
374.5 582.849 m
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S
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149.026 585.759 l
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[4 ]0 d
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202.079 581.167 l
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334.711 581.552 l
347.974 581.362 l
361.237 581.476 l
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[]0 d
389.5 680.3 m
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S
403.52 680.28 m
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400.416 682.28 399.52 681.384 399.52 680.28 c
399.52 679.176 400.416 678.28 401.52 678.28 c
402.624 678.28 403.52 679.176 403.52 680.28 c
B
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 677.6 Tm
(Original-RecSyncStmt)Tj
ET
389.5 669.5 m
413.5 669.5 l
S
399.5 667.5 4 4 re
B
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 666.8 Tm
(Original-RecSyncMethod )Tj
ET
389.5 658.7 m
413.5 658.7 l
399.5 656.7 m
403.5 660.7 l
399.5 660.7 m
403.5 656.7 l
S
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 656 Tm
(Original-SyncStmt)Tj
ET
389.5 647.9 m
413.5 647.9 l
S
403.5 645.9 m
401.5 649.9 l
399.5 645.9 l
b
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 645.2 Tm
(Original-SyncMethod)Tj
ET
389.5 637.1 m
413.5 637.1 l
S
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 634.4 Tm
(EVM-RecSyncStmt)Tj
ET
389.5 626.3 m
413.5 626.3 l
399.5 626.3 m
403.5 626.3 l
401.5 624.3 m
401.5 628.3 l
S
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 623.6 Tm
(EVM-RecSyncMethod)Tj
ET
[1 3.2 ]0 d
389.5 615.5 m
413.5 615.5 l
S
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 612.8 Tm
(EVM-SyncStmt)Tj
ET
[4 ]0 d
389.5 604.7 m
413.5 604.7 l
S
BT
9 0 0 9 417.5 602 Tm
(EVM-SyncMethod)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
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(Figure 10. Cost of synchronization)Tj
ET
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/N92 1 Tf
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(22)Tj
/N91 1 Tf
-19 56.4858 TD
0 Tw
[(7.3.2 Beha)26 (vior of our algorithm on r)18 (ealistic pr)18 (ograms)]TJ
/N92 1 Tf
0 -1.8333 TD
[(Consider)-325 (no)25 (w)-325 (the)-325 (algorithm\325)55 (s)-324 (beha)20 (vior)-325 (on)-325 (realistic)-324 (programs.)-324 (W)80 (e)-325 (\336rst)-325 (study)-325 (the)-325 (\322pure\323)-325 (form)-324 (of)]TJ
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[(the)-231 (meta-lock)-231 (algorithm,)-232 (without)-231 (e)16 (xtra)-232 (f)11 (ast)-231 (locking)-232 (and)-231 (unlocking.)-231 (In)-231 (this)-231 (case,)-231 (each)-231 (monitor)20 (-le)25 (v)15 (e)0 (l)]TJ
T*
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T*
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T*
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(getMetaLock\(\))Tj
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[(calls)-280 (equals)-282 (the)]TJ
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[(ical)-303 (RISC)-304 (processor)56 (.)-304 (Figure)-250 (11)-304 (sho)25 (ws)-304 (the)-304 (SP)92 (ARC)-304 (instructions)-304 (that)-303 (result)-305 (from)-303 (translating)-304 (a)-304 (syn-)]TJ
T*
(chronization operation of the form:)Tj
/N95 1 Tf
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29.4 -1.2 TD
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-31.8 -1.2 TD
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(%i0)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
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[(holds)-345 (the)-346 (address)-345 (of)-345 (the)-345 (e)15 (x)15 (ecution)-346 (en)41 (vironment)]TJ
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/N92 1 Tf
2.0475 0 TD
[(holds)-247 (the)-247 (address)-248 (of)-247 (an)-247 (object)]TJ
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(obj)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
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[(.)-247 (I)0 (t)-247 (tak)10 (es)-247 (se)25 (v)15 (e)0 (n)-248 (instructions)-247 (to)-247 (perform)-247 (the)-247 (f)10 (ast)-247 (path)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
20.66 0 TD
(get-)Tj
-36.6 -1.1667 TD
(MetaLock\(\))Tj
/N92 1 Tf
6 0 TD
[(,)-302 (including)-303 (e)15 (xtracting)-302 (the)-302 (high)-303 (30)-302 (bits)-303 (of)-302 (the)-303 (multi-use)-303 (w)10 (ord)-303 (into)-302 (one)-303 (re)15 (gister)-302 (and)]TJ
-6 -1.1667 TD
[(the)-242 (lo)26 (w)-242 (2)-243 (bits)-242 (\(the)-242 (lock)-242 (state\))-242 (into)-241 (another)55 (.)-242 (The)-242 (code)-242 (for)-242 (the)-241 (body)-242 (of)-242 (the)-242 (synchronization)-242 (operation)]TJ
T*
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28.55 0 TD
(releaseMetaLock\(\))Tj
/N92 1 Tf
10.2 0 TD
(.)Tj
-27.9783 41.25 TD
[(T)80 (able 3. Frequenc)16 (y of meta-lock contention)]TJ
/N91 1 Tf
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-12.542 -1.7 TD
[(Benchmark)-3832 (# getMetaLock)-1246 (#getMetaLockSlo)10 (w)-1246 (#)0 ( getMetaLock)-1375 (#getMetaLockSlo)10 (w)]TJ
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T*
[(Hello)-11647 (3,054)-8059 (0)-6309 (1,418)-8317 (0)]TJ
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[(_201_compress)-7092 (22,180)-8059 (3)-6309 (2,269)-8317 (2)]TJ
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[(_202_jess)-8119 (9,619,742)-7559 (19)-6309 (4,171)-7817 (10)]TJ
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[(_209_db)-7619 (106,829,540)-8059 (1)-6309 (2,024)-8317 (5)]TJ
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[(_213_ja)20 (v)25 (a)0 (c)-7054 (34,380,756)-7559 (50)-5809 (39,949)-7817 (61)]TJ
T*
[(_222_mpe)15 (gaudio)-6445 (22,813)-7559 (10)-6309 (2,620)-8317 (5)]TJ
T*
[(_227_mtrt)-7952 (1,424,925)-8059 (1)-6309 (2,397)-8317 (3)]TJ
T*
[(_228_jack)-7453 (23,851,600)-8059 (8)-6309 (2,979)-8317 (5)]TJ
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[(_224_richards)-7648 (70,560)-7559 (59)-6309 (3,434)-7817 (52)]TJ
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[(_233_tmix)-7785 (8,711,428)-6309 (1,612)-4559 (2,183,531)-6567 (1,730)]TJ
T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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172.83 567.75 l
B*
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B*
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344.01 568.25 l
B*
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518.02 568 m
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B*
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B*
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94.48 532.75 l
B*
517.52 518.25 m
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B*
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B*
518.02 500 m
93.98 500 l
B*
518.02 483 m
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B*
518.02 466 m
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B*
518.02 449 m
93.98 449 l
B*
518.02 432 m
93.98 432 l
B*
518.02 415 m
93.98 415 l
B*
517.52 399.25 m
94.48 399.25 l
B*
517.52 396.75 m
94.48 396.75 l
B*
518.02 381 m
93.98 381 l
B*
518.02 364 m
93.98 364 l
B*
518.02 347 m
93.98 347 l
B*
518.02 330 m
93.98 330 l
B*
518.02 313 m
93.98 313 l
B*
518.02 296 m
93.98 296 l
B*
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/N93 /ExtGState findRes gs
1 i
0 0 612 792 re
f
BT
/N92 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 300 34.17 Tm
0 g
0 Tc
(23)Tj
-19 36.2892 TD
[(This)-369 (gi)25 (v)15 (e)0 (s)-369 (u)0 (s)-370 (a)-369 (total)-370 (of)-369 (11)-369 (instructions)-370 (for)-370 (the)-370 (f)11 (ast)-370 (paths)-370 (of)-369 (meta-lock)-370 (acquisition)-369 (and)-370 (release.)]TJ
0 -1.1667 TD
[(While)-327 (a)-327 (careful)-326 (analysis)-327 (of)-327 (the)-326 (c)15 (ycles)-327 (consumed)-326 (by)-327 (an)-327 (optimal)-327 (implementation)-326 (is)-327 (interesting)-326 (in)]TJ
T*
[(the)-263 (conte)15 (xt)-263 (of)-262 (a)-263 (particular)-263 (architecture,)-262 (for)-263 (the)-262 (present)-263 (purposes)-262 (we)-263 (shall)-263 (be)-263 (satis\336ed)-262 (with)-263 (consid-)]TJ
T*
[(ering)-413 (the)-414 (SP)92 (ARC)-414 (implementation)-413 (representati)25 (v)15 (e)-413 (of)-414 (a)-414 (typical)-414 (RISC)-414 (implementation.)-413 (The)-413 (most)]TJ
T*
[(costly)-427 (instructions)-427 (are)-426 (the)-427 (tw)10 (o)-427 (atomic)-426 (instructions,)]TJ
/N95 1 Tf
21.6158 0 TD
(swap)Tj
/N92 1 Tf
2.8267 0 TD
(in)Tj
/N95 1 Tf
1.205 0 TD
(getMetaLock\(\))Tj
/N92 1 Tf
7.8 0 TD
[(,)-427 (and)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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